Vinyl acetate plasticizing comonomers with

Uses Plasticizer comonomer with other monomers such as vinyl acetate Manuf./Disthb. Celanese http //www.celanesechemicais.com, http //www.chemvip.com, Ruger http //www.rugerchemicai.com Trade Name Synonyms Octomer DIOM t[Tiarco http //www.tiarco.com], Staflex DIOM [C.P. 

In some polymer families, copolymerization with more flexible comonomer units is very effective in producing the amount of flexibility desired. Major commercial examples are ethylene/propylene rubber, styrene/butadiene plastics and latex paint, vinyl chloride/ vinyl acetate plastics, vinyl acetate/acrylic ester latex paints, and methyl methacrylate/ acrylic ester plastics and latex paints. 

Poly(vinyl acetate) is too soft and shows excessive cold flow for use in moulded plastics. This is no doubt associated with the fact that the glass transition temperature of 28°C is little above the usual ambient temperatures and in fact in many places at various times the glass temperature may be the lower. It has a density of 1.19 g/cm and a refractive index of 1.47. Commercial polymers are atactic and, since they do not crystallise, transparent (if free from emulsifier). They are successfully used in emulsion paints, as adhesives for textiles, paper and wood, as a sizing material and as a permanent starch . A number of grades are supplied by manufacturers which differ in molecular weight and in the nature of comonomers (e.g. vinyl maleate) which are commonly used (see Section 14.4.4)... 

Adding plasticizer, like dioctyl phthalate, is generally accomplished by mechanical methods. Permanent or chemical plasticization can be done by copolymerization of VCM with monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate, or methyl rhethacrylate. Comonomer levels vary from 5-40%. The purpose of the co-polymers, of course, is to change the properties such as softening point, thermal stability, flexibility, tensile strength, and solubility. 

Ethylene/vinyl Acetate Copolymers (EVA). LDPE is easily internally plasticized by copolymerization with increasing amounts (2-20%) of vinyl acetate comonomer. 

Copolymers with all of the comonomers in Table VI have commercial value, but the copolymer containing vinyl acetate is the most important and is plasticized internally. Major uses include coatings, floor coverings, and phonograph records for which low melt viscosity, lower processing temperatures, freedom from external plasticizers, and solubility are required. Copolymerization with vinyl acetate reduces tensile strength, heat distortion temperature, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and heat stability. However, less heat stability is required because these copolymers can be processed at lower temperatures. 

Poly(vinyl ester) dispersions are quantitatively more important than solid resins. Homopolymer and copolymer dispersions are used for binders in emulsion (dispersion) paints, plastic-bonded plasters, and water-thinnable adhesives. Poly(vinyl acetate) dispersions are less important than vinyl acetate copolymer dispersions. The most important comonomers of vinyl acetate are vinyl laurate, dibutyl maleate, Versatic Acid esters (VeoVa, Shell), ethylene, vinyl chloride, and butyl acrylate. Poly(vinyl propionate) and copolymers of vinyl propionate with butyl acrylate, styrene, or vinyl chloride are also marketed and used as dispersions. 

Poly(vinyl acetate) dispersions form lightfast, dry, hard, brittle films. Plasticizers therefore have to be used (external plasticization), which are, however, volatile and lead to embrittlement of the films after a relatively short time. Internally plasticized dispersions of copolymers of vinyl acetate with vinyl laurate, butyl maleate, Versatic Acid esters, or ethylene form permanently flexible, nonaging films that are not, however, always sufficiently resistant to hydrolysis. Terpolymer (vinyl acetate-ethylene-vinyl chloride) dispersions form films that are more resistant to hydrolysis than homopolymer and copolymer dispersions. The films also have a higher mechanical strength and lower flammability. The glass transition temperature of the terpolymer can be varied within wide limits and properties can be matched to requirements by using a suitable choice of comonomers. The same is true of vinyl propionate copolymer dispersions. 

Chem. Descrip. Dioctyl maleate CAS 2915-53-9 EINECS/ELINCS 220-835-6 Uses Comonomer used in polymerization with vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene and derivs. of acrylic and methacrylic acids used in latex paints, textiles as specialty plasticizer Properties APHA50 max. liq. m.w. 340 sp.gr. 0.939-0.944 vise. 9.1-9.5 cs (100 F) pour pt. -75 F acid no. 0.10 max. flash pt. (COC) 370 F ref. index 1.452-1.454 94% act. 

The main applications are with PVC. The plasticizers which can be blended in can be either low MW organic compounds, e.g. dialkyl phthalates, phosphates (tricresyl phosphate which has flame-retardant characteristics) or low-MW polymers, e.g. polycaprolactone, PMMA, or copolymers of ethylene and vinylacetate (EVA). These are called external plasticizers. Internal plasticization can be achieved by copolymerizing VC with a comonomer which has a low Tg, e.g. vinyl acetate. 

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