Vigilant

Other agents are also used for the treatment of manic-depressive disorders based on preliminary clinical results (177). The antiepileptic carbamazepine [298-46-4] has been reported in some clinical studies to be therapeutically beneficial in mild-to-moderate manic depression. Carbamazepine treatment is used especially in bipolar patients intolerant to lithium or nonresponders. A majority of Hthium-resistant, rapidly cycling manic-depressive patients were reported in one study to improve on carbamazepine (178). Carbamazepine blocks noradrenaline reuptake and inhibits noradrenaline exocytosis. The main adverse events are those found commonly with antiepileptics, ie, vigilance problems, nystagmus, ataxia, and anemia, in addition to nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. Carbamazepine can be used in combination with lithium. Several clinical studies report that the calcium channel blocker verapamil [52-53-9] registered for angina pectoris and supraventricular arrhythmias, may also be effective in the treatment of acute mania. Its use as a mood stabilizer may be unrelated to its calcium-blocking properties. Verapamil also decreases the activity of several neurotransmitters. Severe manic depression is often treated with antipsychotics or benzodiazepine anxiolytics. 

Constant vigilance is required to prevent lapses in such administrative procedures. 

CO Reduction in the ability of the circulatory system to transport O Impairment of performance on tasks requiring vigilance Aggravation of cardiovascular disease. 

Decrements in vigilance (i.e., ability to detect small changes in one s environment that occur at unpredictable times) decreased exercise performance in both healthy persons and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease... 

These incidents show the need for continual vigilance. We cannot assume that because we epiplpy- ualjified craftsmen and graduate engineers thi manner. 

Recently, Vigil and Willmore [67] have reported mean field and lattice gas studies of the oscillatory dynamics of a variant of the ZGB model. In this example oscillations are also introduced, allowing the reversible adsorption of inert species. Furthermore, Sander and Ghaisas [69] have very recently reported simulations for the oxidation of CO on Pt in the presence of two forms of oxygen, namely chemisorbed atomic O and oxidized metal surface. These species, which are expected to be present for reaction under atmospheric pressure, are relevant for the onset of oscillatory behavior [69]. 

R. D. Vigil, F. T. Willmore. Oscillatory dynamics in a heterogeneous surface reaction Breakdown of the mean-field approximation. Phys Rev E 54 1225-1231, 1996. 

From the 1960s onward, there was a greater interest in psychological issues, dominated by the concept of the human as a single-channel processor of information. This stimulated research into a number of areas. Studies of mental workload were concerned with the ability of humans to cope with extremely high levels of information in situations such as air traffic control. Vigilance studies, which focused on the human s role in situations with very low levels of stimulation such as radar monitoring, represented the other extreme of human performance that was considered. 

An automatic control system is often introduced because it appears to do a job better than the human. However, the human is still asked to monitor its effectiveness. It is difficult to see how the worker can be expected to check in real time that the automatic control system is, for example, using the correct rules when making decisions. It is well known that humans are very poor at passive monitoring tasks where they are required to detect and respond to infrequent signals. These situations, called vigilance tasks, have been studied extensively by applied psychologists (see Warm, 1984). On the basis of this research, it is unlikely that people will be effective in the role of purely monitoring an automated system. 

Poulton, E. (1978). Increased Vigilance with Vertical Vibration at 5 Hz An Alerting Mechnism. Applied Ergonomics 9,73-76. 

Wachsalaun, m. crystallized alum, wachsam, a. watchful, vigilant. 

Clearly, there are horses for courses . The practicing plant engineer may have access to a local specialist in certain types of non-destructive testing who provides an excellent service and value for money. At the same time, the plant engineer must be vigilant regarding the limitations of such support. 

The vigilant plant user is well informed about the terms of the policies which cover the plant in his charge, including any excesses that may apply. As soon as an incident occurs which may give rise to a claim on one of the policies in force he will ensure that the insurer concerned is notified immediately, as failure to do so many invalidate a claim. 

It is now some 20 years since the recognition of Legionella pneumophila in condenser water, and the measures taken by industry to combat the hazards to human health. Worldwide indications are that the initial vigilance and care have lessened in recent years and attention is now drawn again to such precautions [2 7, 28, 28a, 28b]. 

Arousal is a state of vigilance regulated by subcortical parts of the nervous system, especially connections between the nuclei of the amygdala, the hypothalamus and the brain stem. These unconscious responses prepare the body for action. 

Levels of arousal (sleep-awake), vigilance (attentive-distracted), mood (appetitive-aversive), and movement (flexible-immobile) of an organism at a given time point or context. 

Psychostimulants are drugs that substantially influence cognitive and affective functioning and behaviors. Effects are increased motivational desire, agitation, heightened vigilance, euphoria, hyperactivity, and... 

It is rare, however, that other types of organizations (such as the average industrial facility) can afford this level of DO monitoring vigilance. It is also rare (utility stations apart) that deaerators receive the kind of preventative maintenance and general attention necessary to ensure that they operate constantly at peak performance. The inevitable... 

For these medium to large operations, apart from taking measures to ensure the continuous efficiency of deaeration and oxygen scavenging, little more can be said because all that can be done practically to remove DO is being done. The problems of inadequate FW deaeration, the resultant corrosion risks entailed, and the consequent need for constant vigilance primarily affects those owners and operators of small to midsize steam-raising boiler plants where mechanical deaeration is not available. 

Monitoring the patient in shock requires vigilance on the part of the nurse The patient s heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG are monitored continuously. The urinary output is measured often (usually hourly), and an accurate intake and output is taken. Monitoring of central venous pressure via a central venous catheter will provide an estimation of the patient s fluid status. Sometimes additional hemodynamic monitoring is necessary with a pulmonary artery catheter. The use of a pulmonary artery catheter allows the nurse to monitor a number of parameters, such as cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance The nurse adjusts therapy according to the primary health care provider s instructions. 

The basic regulatory strategy employed to safeguard public health relies on focussing attention on three main areas of activity product development product manufacture and market vigilance (see Figure 2.1). 

Feedback from the market is another key data source. This can come through customer comments or complaints or through the vigilance systems that are mandatory for drugs and devices. 

Operation of market vigilance systems at national level. 

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