Vegetative disorders

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy is a health treatment that is often used in the physiotherapy. This therapy can be applied in different situations and manners. It is very effective and relatively pleasant for the patient and can achieve active pain relief for those with circulatory disorders and/or vegetative disorders. 

Prostaglandins arise from unsaturated C20 carboxylic acids such as arachidonic acid (see Table 26 1) Mammals cannot biosynthesize arachidonic acid directly They obtain Imoleic acid (Table 26 1) from vegetable oils m their diet and extend the car bon chain of Imoleic acid from 18 to 20 carbons while introducing two more double bonds Lmoleic acid is said to be an essential fatty acid, forming part of the dietary requirement of mammals Animals fed on diets that are deficient m Imoleic acid grow poorly and suffer a number of other disorders some of which are reversed on feed mg them vegetable oils rich m Imoleic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids One function of these substances is to provide the raw materials for prostaglandin biosynthesis... 

He K, Hu FB, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Willett WC and Liu S. 2004. Changes in intake of fruits and vegetables in relation to risk of obesity and weight gain among middle-aged women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28(12) 1569-1574. 

Svendsen M, Blomhoff R, Holme I, Tonstad S. 2007. The effect of an increased intake of vegetables and fruit on weight loss, blood pressure and antioxidant defense in subjects with sleep related breathing disorders. Eur JOin Nutr 61(11) 1301—1311. 

Beach and Amir have demonstrated that with a given sample using the same procedures, some markers of depression may define a taxon, while others do not. In other words, both continuous and taxonic forms of depression exist. However, questions remain about the nature of the identified taxon. Is it really a depression taxon or has the exclusive focus on vegetative symptoms changed the nature of the construct Interestingly, certain somatic symptoms, such as sleep and appetite disturbance, are common in many disorders and can be considered the physical component of nonspecific distress (Clark Watson, 1991). Thus, perhaps the identified taxon is not a depression taxon at all and actually reflects general somatic complaints. Only construct validation can address these concerns. 

Disorders of nervous system mediator release may be caused by aspartame, monosodium glutamate (MSG) ( Chinese restaurant syndrome , Hot-dog headache, or glutamate-induced asthma), and sulphites found in dried fruit, vegetables, pickled vegetables, and fruit juices. 

Since the seminal papers in the late 1980s announcing the ability of MRI to detect quality disorders in fruits and vegetables the range of disorders investigated has extended remarkably. The literature to the end of 1999 relating... 

Table 3. NMR methodology used to study quality attributes or disorders in vegetables...

Although fruit and vegetable quality has been the main thrust of this review it should not be forgotten that the quality of flower bulbs are also of major importance, especially in countries such as the Netherlands where export markets in tulips are commercially significant. Bud abortion is a disorder of tulips associated with a dehydrated flower after planting, while induction often takes place during storage. In an attempt to use MRI as a possible detector of... 

The main limitation to the clinical use of the MAOIs is due to their interaction with amine-containing foods such as cheeses, red wine, beers (including non-alcoholic beers), fermented and processed meat products, yeast products, soya and some vegetables. Some proprietary medicines such as cold cures contain phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, etc. and will also interact with MAOIs. Such an interaction (termed the "cheese effect"), is attributed to the dramatic rise in blood pressure due to the sudden release of noradrenaline from peripheral sympathetic terminals, an event due to the displacement of noradrenaline from its mtraneuronal vesicles by the primary amine (usually tyramine). Under normal circumstances, any dietary amines would be metabolized by MAO in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, in the liver, platelets, etc. The occurrence of hypertensive crises, and occasionally strokes, therefore limited the use of the MAOIs, despite their proven clinical efficacy, to the treatment of atypical depression and occasionally panic disorder. 

Under the terms of the Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended in 1990, the Environmental Protection Agency is required to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for pollutants considered to be hazardous to public health and the environment. These standards are of two types primary and secondary. Primary standards apply to "sensitive" members of the population, including the elderly, young children, and people who have respiratory disorders. Secondary standards apply to the general public and include risks to other parts of the environment, including visibility, animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings. 

In summary, major depression is a heterogeneous group of disorders bound together by the presence of low mood plus disturbances in vegetative symptoms, such as ... 

Another approach considers the effects of various ligands on their receptors located in the diencephalic and mesiotemporal areas. Cell clusters in the hypothalamus coordinate the normal regulation of the vegetative functions of sleep, appetite, and sexual drive, which are typically disrupted in severe depression. In addition, the limbic area modulates many aspects of behavior and mood that are characteristically disturbed in affective disorders. 

Knowledge of the chemical structures of the major vitamins was acquired during the 30 years after 1920, and some were identified as known compounds. They were classified as fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. The only heterocyclic compounds in the former class are the tocopherols (vitamin E). They were discovered through their action in preventing sterility in rats, but they appear to play an important part in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. Vitamin E deficiency appears to occur rarely in man, but vitamin E therapy is tried in a number of clinical disorders. The tocopherols may be isolated from vegetable oils, and synthetic a-tocopherol (61) is made by condensing trimethylhydroquinone with phytol or phytyl halides (Scheme 2). For medicinal use they may be converted into their acetates or succinates. 

Xutritioital. Anemias. These disorders may result from nutritional deficiencies or decreased bone marrow function, both of which cause defective blood formation. The least severe but most common of llicse anemias results from an inadequate amount of iron required for red cell formation. The result is inicntrvtic hypochromic anemia. Ahout IDO milligrams of iitni per day are needed for hemoglobin manufacture, About S5 f of this iron tnay be obtained from the iron released by breakdown of older red cells. However, some iron is always lost in the excretions and thus must be made up hy the diet. Where there is chrome blood loss, as in cases of ulcers or hemorrhoids, or where the iron may not be properly absorbed from foods, the need for iron may he greater. Milk, cereals, and many re lined foods, unless artilicially supplemented, do not contain much iron. Better sources of iron include meat and leafy vegetables. Iron deticiency is not uncommon. 

It is becoming increasingly evident that arterial hypertension in man is usually a psychosomatic disease. Therefore, to understand pathogenesis one must examine the psyche and the effects of psychic disturbances upon the soma. It is not within the province of this discussion to consider at length such disorders and their relation to hypertension. For purposes of orientation toward a view of the whole picture, however, we must scrutinize briefly the influences which bear on this condition in order to direct our attention to salient features which deserve further investigation. Suffice it to say, therefore, that disorders or deficiencies of personality exist (30) that they antedate the occurrence of hypertension (8) and that the emotional tension arising from their presence profoundly affects vegetative functions, especially those concerned with blood flow and blood pressure (68). 

---