Vegetarian

Tempeh. DehuUed cooked soybeans are inoculated with the mold, Thi pus oligosporus packed in perforated plastic bags, and allowed to ferment for 18 h. The mold mycelium overgrows the soybean cotyledons and forms a compact cake. When sHced and deep-fried in oil, a crisp and golden brown product is obtained. Although native to Indonesia, tempeh has become popular with vegetarians in the United States and other Western countries (93). 

Clinical manifestation of vitamin B 2 deficiency is usually a result of absence of the gastric absorptive (intrinsic) factor. Dietary deficiency of vitamin B 2 is uncommon and may take 20 to 30 years to develop, even in healthy adults who foUow a strict vegetarian regimen. An effective enterohepatic recycling of the vitamin plus small amounts from bacterial sources and other contaminants greatly minimizes the risk of a complete dietary deficiency. Individuals who have a defect in vitamin B 2 absorption, however, may develop a deficiency within three to seven years. 

Vitamin Deficiency. Vitamin deficiency is uncommon in normal adults. However, when it does occur, it can be serious, particularly in pregnant women. Some vitamin deficiency can occur because of a large reduction of fat intake, which decreases absorption. Strict vegetarians also risk reduced vitamin intake. Premature infants and elderly people who are exposed to minimal sunlight and consume Htde vitamin also have a reduced capacity to metabolize and can develop vitamin deficiency. 

As noted above, geographical and temporal differences in the incidence of colon cancer are well established (see also Table 3). This has led to the suggestion that diet may play a key role, with low colon cancer incidences being linked with vegetarian or semi-vegetarian diets. "... 

The nutritional requirement for vitamin Bjg is low. Adult humans require only about 3 micrograms per day, an amount easily acquired with normal eating habits. However, because plants do not synthesize vitamin Bjg, pernicious anemia symptoms are sometimes observed in strict vegetarians. 

For food, SCP has been produced on a smaller scale and is mainly limited to yeasts, the use of which in food has been traditional. The exception is Myco-protein, which is being promoted as a health food, rich in protein and lacking animal fat, and which can be used as meat substitutes in high-value vegetarian convenience foods. 

WEAVER c M, PROULX w R and HEANEY R (1999) Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 70 (3 Suppl) 543S-548S. 

I exercise, and following a low-fat vegetarian diet all have been shown to reduce the intensity of the dysmenorrhea.17,28 Dietary changes also may shorten the duration of dysmenorrhea. These interventions require little time and minimal cost and are associated with little risk. Other nonpharmacologic options that may be considered before or, in most cases, after a trial of pharmacologic interventions include the use of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), acupressure, and acupuncture.17... 

Lloyd, T., Schaeffer, J., Walker, M., Demers, L., Urinary hormonal concentrations and spinal bone densities of premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, 1005, 1991. 

JMC Price, SS Davis, IR Wilding. The effect of fibre on gastrointestinal transit times in vegetarians and omnivores. Int J Pharmaceut 76 123-141, 1991. 

Although capsules made from gelatin predominate, recent years have seen an increased interest in and availability of nongelatin capsules. Such alternative shell compositions may satisfy religious, cultural, or vegetarian needs to avoid animal sources. Hard shell capsules made from starch were developed by... 

We can group animals into clusters according to how similar they are, comparing their key characteristics the more closely those characteristics match, the more similar are the two species. The choice of characteristics is inherently arbitrary, but we might include the number of legs, covered in fur or feathers, the speed of movement, size, color, carnivore/ vegetarian, and so on ... 

Carranza MJ, Herrera AJ, Alvizouri MM, Alvarado JM and Chavez CF. 1997. Effects of a vegetarian diet vs a vegetarian diet enriched with avocado in hypercholesterolemic patients. Arch Med Res 28(4) 537-541. 

As gelatine is an animal product it is unacceptable to vegetarians. Some religious groups have problems with gelatine. Kosher gelatine is available. Gelatine made from fish has recently become commercially available. 

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