Vegetarianism diets

As noted above, geographical and temporal differences in the incidence of colon cancer are well established (see also Table 3). This has led to the suggestion that diet may play a key role, with low colon cancer incidences being linked with vegetarian or semi-vegetarian diets. "... 

WEAVER c M, PROULX w R and HEANEY R (1999) Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 70 (3 Suppl) 543S-548S. 

I exercise, and following a low-fat vegetarian diet all have been shown to reduce the intensity of the dysmenorrhea.17,28 Dietary changes also may shorten the duration of dysmenorrhea. These interventions require little time and minimal cost and are associated with little risk. Other nonpharmacologic options that may be considered before or, in most cases, after a trial of pharmacologic interventions include the use of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), acupressure, and acupuncture.17... 

Carranza MJ, Herrera AJ, Alvizouri MM, Alvarado JM and Chavez CF. 1997. Effects of a vegetarian diet vs a vegetarian diet enriched with avocado in hypercholesterolemic patients. Arch Med Res 28(4) 537-541. 

These data about the effect of dietary protein and calcium loss are consistent with epidemiological evidence linking diet and bone calcium loss. Walker, et al. (6) reported fracture rates ten times greater among white South Africans eating a meat-rich European type diet than among the local Bantu who consumed a vegetarian diet. 

The lacto-ovo vegetarian diet that these S.D.A. women follow would produce a slightly alkaline urine compared with the acidic urine associated with the consumption of. a meat diet. 

There are a number of factors influencing bone density, especially in women who have passed the menopause. One of these is the nature of the diet apart from its calcium content. Little attention has been given to this means of maintaining bone mineralization especially in relation to osteoporosis. Yet the data from the S.D.A. women suggests the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet is an important factor in maintaining bone mineralization in women who have passed the menopause. The more densely mineralized bones of these elderly S.D.A. women occurs despite the fact that their bone mineralization prior to the menopause is the same as that of omnivorous white women as shown by cross-sectional studies (9). 

Overall, it does appear that the vegetarian diet, abstinence from smoking, and perhaps other prudent practices adopted by the majority of Adventists may be preventive for several of the major life threatening diseases which are so prevalent in the U.S. 

The most likely reason for cobalamin deficiency is pernicious anemia (failure to absorb vitamin B 2 in the absence of intrinsic factor from parietal cells). Vitamin Bjj absorption also decreases with aging and in individuals with chronic pancreatitis. Less common reasons for Bjj deficiency include a long-term completely vegetarian diet (plants don t contain vitamin Bjj) and infection with Diphyllobothrium latum, a parasite found in raw fish. Excess vitamin B,2 is stored in the body, so deficiencies develop slowly. 

There is evidence that adherence to a vegetarian diet reduces the incidence of some types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The possible mechanisms by which some of the components of these and other diets may have a beneficial effect are given in Table 15.9. 

Vegetarian diets Vegetarian diets containing no animal products (including milk products or eggs) do not supply any vitamin B12. 

An interesting observation is that serum AGE levels are higher in diabetic vegetarians compared to diabetic omnivors (Krajcovicova-Kudlackova et al., 2002). This may be because of the absence of camosine in vegetarian diets, although a raised intake of fructose by vegetarians is an alternative explanation. 

The possibility that vegetarian diets, deficient in camosine, could be somewhat deleterious in the ability to suppress aldehyde-induced protein modification and AGE has been discussed (Hipkiss, 2005, 2006c). Indeed, Harris et al. (2007) showed that muscle camosine levels were reduced by up 50% in vegetarian subjects. There is one report of... 

Strict vegetarian diet or after diseases affecting cobalamin absorption. The main effects of vitamin deficiency are pernicious anemia, macrocytosis, and neurological problems. A particularity of this vitamin is that it can be stored especially in the liver and kidneys. 

The main causes for vitamin B12 deficiency are impaired absorption due to a lack of gastric intrinsic factor (e.g. pernicious anemia), ileal abnormalities, or it can be the result of a strictly vegetarian diet. 

Sufficient protein can generally be obtained in a vegetarian diet by combining a legume, such as peas or beans, with a grain, such as wheat or corn. Familiar meals containing such a combination include a peanut butter sandwich, corn tortillas and refried beans, and rice and toffi. 

Factors which tend to decrease the availability of this vitamin include (1) cooking losses, since the vitamin is heat labile (2) cobalt deficiency in ruminants (3) intestinal malabsorption or parasites (4) lack of intrinsic factor (5) intestinal disease (6) aging (7) vegetarian diet (8) excretion... 

All of the previous data show that an individual s diet will dictate the number of different chemicals he or she will consume on a daily basis. This chapter gives examples of how individual food choices will influence a person s chemical exposure. With these examples, the consumer can utilize this guide to determine the chemical mixtures that may occur in a specific meal or daily diet. For example, using the chemical exposure data in Exhibits 1 through 12, examples of how specific food choices can influence a person s exposure to synthetic chemicals are shown for low-fat and high-fat diets, vegetarian diets, children s lunches, and comfort foods. Specific synthetic chemicals are listed for a food product, if a chemical occurred in at least 7 out of 12 Market Baskets (i.e., approximately 60 percent of the time). Otherwise, the chemical was not listed even if was detected in that food. 

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