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Vascular embolization agents

Zheng, C., G. Feng, and H. Liang. 1998. Bletilla striata as a vascular embolizing agent in interventional treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma. Chin. Med. J. English ed. Ill 1060-1063. [Pg.332]

The Ideal Vascular Occlusion Technique 4 Classification of Intravascular Embolic Agents 4 Essential Elements for Success in Successful Embolotherapy 5 Complications of Embolotherapy 5 Guidelines and Techniques to Prevent and Manage Complications 6... [Pg.4]

With the current advances in technology allowing more accurate and controlled deployment of embolic agents, embolotherapy has now become the procedure of choice for the management of visceral and solid organ aneurysms [40-42]. In addition, embolotherapy has now arguably become the primary facet in the management of vascular malformations of all varieties, in the central nervous system and head and neck [43, 44], pulmonary circulation [45-48], viscera, trunk and extremities [49-54]. [Pg.4]

Aspects on the synthesis of polymers with a core-shell structure obtained from suspension polymerization, which is used in vascular embolization, are described elsewhere [3,12,13]. In this scenario the synthesis of polymer/inorganic hybrids has also been exemplified by our research group [14,15]. As a representative example of embolic agents, magnetic copolymers of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a core-shell structure have high potential for the treatment of tumors and hyperthermia therapy of injured areas. The implementation of this process is possible by adhering superior control of the reaction system, which will produce particles of similar morphology comparable to the substance precursor. [Pg.209]

The concept of collateral and end-organ vascular supply is vital to understand when considering embolization of visceral vessels. Choice of embolic agents for these vascular distributions and applications is described elsewhere in this book. [Pg.103]

A recent review of the literature demonstrated a trend toward the use of ethanol for embolization of renal tumors [20]. Ethanol is a nonviscous liquid, and after it is injected into the main renal artery, it diffuses into the distal vascular bed of the tumor, potentially causing tumor necrosis rather than simple occlusion of the embolized artery [21]. Transcatheter administration of ethanol is technically easy, and theoretically, reflux of a small amount of ethanol may not be as toxic as other embolic agents to other organs of the body because alcohol dilutes rapidly in a large volume of blood [22]. In reality. [Pg.203]

Polyvinyl alcohol is considered to be a permanent embolic agent because it is not biodegradable. The histologic effects of PVA particles embolization have been well documented, varying from inflammatory and foreign body reactions to focal angionecrosis of the vessel wall [36]. The duration of the vascular occlusion induced by PVA is variable. Occlusions may last for several months as a result of organization of the thrombus, with recanalization attributed... [Pg.225]

The selection of the embolic agents is determined by the goal of the procedure, vascular territory and type of lesion. Classically they are divided into solid or liquid agents. [Pg.241]

The stomach and duodenum have a rich collateral blood supply and hence embolization of branches of the coeliac axis can be performed with a low risk of infarction of the viscera. Conversely, the extensive vascular supply may make embolization more difficult to achieve. Thus, in addition to coils, a small particulate embolic agent is often required for a more distal block. A co-axial catheter system is likely to be necessary for this. The method of embolization depends on the angiographic findings but occlusion of the artery needs to be performed on either side of the abnormality (eroded artery or aneurysm) to achieve haemostasis. Ischaemia may be provoked... [Pg.249]

Anticoagulants and thrombolytics, particularly warfarin, can systemically embolize cholesterol particles from aortic atherosclerotic plaques to small arteries and arterioles, including renal arterioles. These agents remove or prevent thrombus formation over ulcerative plaques, causing emboh. Cholesterol emboli induce an inflammatory obliterative vascular response, causing renal ischemia. Purple discoloration of the toes and mottled skin over the legs are important clinical clues. [Pg.887]

Early application of reperfusion therapy with thrombolytic agents has significantly improved the outcomes of acute myocardial infarction and other conditions, such as pulmonary embolism, DVT, arterial thrombosis, acute thrombosis of retinal vessel, extensive coronary emboli, and peripheral vascular thromboembolism (124). [Pg.1243]

The use of oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) is widespread and is being increasingly encouraged in developing countries. Their use has been associated with a number of side effects, in particular, a possible increased risk of thrombotic and embolic vascular disease. There is also evidence that OCAs may affect the metabolism of a number of vitamins. Evidence for deficiency of thiamine, riboflb vin, ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, and vitamin B12, and for excess accumulation of vitamin A has been reported. This is of particular concern to populations in which vitamin nutrition may already be suboptimal and has been the subject of recent brief reviews (02, R4, Tl, W13). [Pg.248]

Hepatic arterial bland and chemo-embolization have also been utilized. This therapy is based on the anatomic vascular distribution of the blood supply for hepatic tumors. The hepatic artery serves tumors in the liver almost exclusively while the portal vein serves normal hepatic parenchyma. There is some crossover but it is only approximately 10%. Bland embolization uses particles placed in the hepatic artery only while chemoembolization mixes these particles with a variety of chemotherapeutic agents and lipiodol, an iodinated poppy seed oil, which has been shown to increase the uptake into the cell via a pump in the cell wall. This therapy has been utilized for the last 20 years but eventual re-growth and recurrence have also uniformly occurred. Repeated embolizations are necessary to keep the disease in check and to palliate the patient s symptoms. The mean response to embolization is approximately 12-18 months with eventual occlusion of the hepatic arterial supply to the tumor after multiple embolizations. Response to embolotherapy has been dramatic for palliation of symptoms, with 63% of patients reporting a reduction in symptoms and an objective response seen on CT to be 76% either partial or minimal response, with an additional 16% reporting stable disease [4]. The embolotherapy will rid the patient of much of their tumor burden but isolated islets of viable tumor will remain after the procedure, accounting for the resurgence of disease. [Pg.136]

Embolotherapy is defined as the percutaneous endovascular use of one or more of a variety of agents or materials to accomplish vascular occlusion. The number of applications of embolotherapy continues to expand. This text provides a brief overview of the current applications of embolotherapy, current embolic techniques and some related general principles. [Pg.4]

Choice of embolic material/method is paramount and must be based on the target vascular territory and the desired effect. Ability to reach distal vascular beds. For example, emergent non-selective embolization of a large vascular territory is best accomplished with a potentially temporary occlusive agent such as Gelfoam. [Pg.9]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.41 ]




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