INDEX vapor pressure

Chloroacetyl chloride [79-04-9] (CICH2COCI) is the corresponding acid chloride of chloroacetic acid (see Acetyl chloride). Physical properties include mol wt 112.94, C2H2CI2O, mp —21.8 C, bp 106°C, vapor pressure 3.3 kPa (25 mm Hg) at 25°C, 12 kPa (90 mm Hg) at 50°C, and density 1.4202 g/mL and refractive index 1.4530, both at 20°C. Chloroacetyl chloride has a sharp, pungent, irritating odor. It is miscible with acetone and bensene and is initially insoluble in water. A slow reaction at the water—chloroactyl chloride interface, however, produces chloroacetic acid. When sufficient acid is formed to solubilize the two phases, a violent reaction forming chloroacetic acid and HCl occurs. 

Bromine Pentafluoride. Bromine pentafluoride is a colorless Hquid having the molecular stmeture of a tetragonal pyramid (5). The index of refraction is 1.3529 (33). Infrared spectra (13,34), the uv-absorption spectmm (35), and vapor pressure data (11) are all available. 

This expression is known as the vapor lock index (VLI) or the front-end volatility index (EEVI). The value of n for U.S. cars is generally reported as 9 when RVP is in kPa (0.13 when pressure is in psi) (23). The maximum level of VLI is set by month and by region according to the ninetieth percentile daily maximum temperature. 

Tables 2,3, and 4 outline many of the physical and thermodynamic properties ofpara- and normal hydrogen in the sohd, hquid, and gaseous states, respectively. Extensive tabulations of all the thermodynamic and transport properties hsted in these tables from the triple point to 3000 K and at 0.01—100 MPa (1—14,500 psi) are available (5,39). Additional properties, including accommodation coefficients, thermal diffusivity, virial coefficients, index of refraction, Joule-Thorns on coefficients, Prandti numbers, vapor pressures, infrared absorption, and heat transfer and thermal transpiration parameters are also available (5,40). Thermodynamic properties for hydrogen at 300—20,000 K and 10 Pa to 10.4 MPa (lO " -103 atm) (41) and transport properties at 1,000—30,000 K and 0.1—3.0 MPa (1—30 atm) (42) have been compiled. Enthalpy—entropy tabulations for hydrogen over the range 3—100,000 K and 0.001—101.3 MPa (0.01—1000 atm) have been made (43). Many physical properties for the other isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) have also been compiled (44).

Poly(alkylene glycol)s have a number of characteristics that make them desirable as lubricants. Compared to petroleum lubricants, they have lower pour points, a higher viscosity index, and a wider range of solubilities including water, compatibility with elastomers, less tendency to form tar and sludge, and lower vapor pressure (35). 

In water Water in Water a2eotrope, wt %/°C Boiling range, °C Vapor pressure at 25°C, kPa Specific gravity at 20°C Refractive index at 20°C Freezing point, °C... 

The PMV index can be determined when the activity (metabolic rate) and the clothing (thermal resistance) are estimated and the following environmental parameters are measured air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative air velocity, and partial water vapor pressure (see ISO EN 7726). 

Direct or indirect methods may be used to determine moisture in dehydrated foods. Indirect methods must be calibrated in terms of direct methods—the most common of which are the oven, distillation, and Fischer methods. Accuracy of the direct methods is difficult to evaluate except by comparison with a chosen reference method. Several reference methods are reviewed, but none can be given an unqualified recommendation as most practical and suitable for all foods. An indirect measure of moisture is the equilibrium vapor pressure of water, which can be measured easily and accurately. Arguments are presented to show that vapor pressure may be a better index of the stability of dehydrated foods than the moisture content, which has been frequently used for this purpose. 

The advantages of vapor pressure as an index of moisture have been discussed. At the present time very few vapor pressure data are available for foods. It would be of great interest to measure vapor pressure concurrently with the moisture content in order to determine the usefulness of the vapor pressure in studies on the stability of dehydrated foods. 

Parathion (0,0-diethyl 0-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate) is an ester of thiophosphoric acid with the empirical formula C10H14NO5PS. It is a high boiling deep-brown to yellow liquid, some samples of which possess a characteristic odor. Its boiling point has been calculated to be 375 0 C. or higher, at 760 mm. pressure its refractive index is n 5 1.15360 specific gravity is 1.26. The vapor pressure is 0.0006 mm. of mercury at 24° C. The technical grade has a purity of approximately 95%. 

Forziati, A.F., Camin, D.L., Rossini, F.D. (1950) Density, refractive index, boiling point, and vapor pressure of eight monoolefin (1-alkene), six pentadiene, and two cyclomonoolefin hydrocarbons../. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. 45, 406 410. 

Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) - The pressure caused by vaporized part if a liquid and the enclosed air and water vapor as measured under standardized conditions in standardized apparatus, the result given in psi at 100 °F, although normally reported as RVP in lbs. RVP is not the same as the true "vapor pressure" of the liquid, but provides a relative index of the volatility of a liquid. 

Since members of a homologous series have incremental boiling point differences and if the amount of any homolog in the moving gas phase is related to vapor pressure at the temperature of the experiment, plots of log k vs. carbon number should also be a straight line. (The enthalpy of vaporization increases monotonically with carbon number.) This in fact is observed in gas-liquid equilibrium separation systems. It is the basis of retention index systems pioneered by Kovats for qualitative identification. 

Acroldn concentration, 186,187 Adenosine triphosphate, effect of ozone on lung concentration of, 354 Aerosol carbon balance, 50 Aerosol formation, 4, 14, 674-76 ability index, 61 diemical medianisms of, 72 hydrox]4 radical-aromatic hydrocar> bon reaction, 76-81 ozone-olefin reaction, 72-76 condensable species vapor pressure and, 86-90,101... 

Kalali, H., Kohler, F., and Svejda, P. Vapor pressure, density, refractive index, excess enthalpy, and heat capacity of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane or chlorobenzene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 37(1) 133-136, 1992. 

Chylek et al. (1983) showed that, by comparing experimental resonance spectra with spectra computed using Mie theory, the size and refractive index of a microsphere can be determined to about one part in 10. Numerous investigators have used resonance spectra to determine the optical properties of microspheres since Ashkin and Dziedzic observed resonances. A recent example is the droplet evaporation study of Tang and Munkelwitz (1991), who measured the vapor pressures of the low-volatility species dioctyl phthalate (DOP), glycerol, oleic acid, and methanesulfonic acid (MSA). This... 

Many publishers make available their databases on floppy disks or CD-ROMs, which are often found inside the back cover of the book. An example is the Properties of Organic Compounds (Tide and Milne 1999), which is a CD-ROM list of 27,500 known organic compounds and their formulas, molecular weights, melting points, boiling points, densities, refractive indexes, colors, solubility scales, vapor pressures, and threshold limit values (TLVs) that workers can be exposed to in a normal 8 h workday and 40 h workweek. This reference gives only a limited number of properties, and does not go into flammability or toxicity. Solubility in water is given only as a... 

White crystal or granule strong saline taste no odor slightly hygroscopic density 2.429 g/cm at 25°C refractive index 1.712 subhmes at elevated temperatures vapor pressure 54.75 torr at 300°C and 758.2 torr at 395°C highly soluble in water 60.6 g and 75.5 g/100 mL at 0° and 20°C, respectively—solubility increasing approximately 16 to 18 g/100 mL for every 20°C increase in temperature. 

Colorless cubic crystals or white granular powder saline taste odorless hygroscopic does not melt but sublimes on heating at 340°C vapor pressure 48.75 torr at 250°C and 251.2 torr at 300°C density 1.5274 g/cm at 25°C refractive index 1.642 readily dissolves in water, solubihty 229 g and 271 g/L solution at 0°C and 20°C, respectively solubdity lowered by alkah metal chlorides and HCl dissolution lowers the temperature of the solution sparingly soluble in alcohols (6 g/L at 19°C) and soluble in hquid NH3 insoluble in acetone and ether. 

White tetragonal or orthorhombic crystal density 1.17g/cm3 refractive index 1.74 unstable, sublimes readily at ordinary temperatures vapor pressure 748 torr at 32°C highly soluble in water, alcohol, liquid ammonia and liquid hydrogen sulfide insoluble in benzene, hexane and ether. 

Monohydrate, Ba(0H)2 H20 is a white powder density 3.743 g/cm shght-ly soluble in water soluble in dilute mineral acids. Octahydrate, Ba(0H)2 8H20 is a colorless monoclinic crystal density 2.18 g/cm at 16°C refractive index 1.50 melts at 78°C vapor pressure 227 torr loses seven molecules of water of crystallization when its solution is boiled in the absence of atmospheric CO2 forming solid monohydrate further heating produces anhydrous Ba(OH)2 melting at 407°C readily dissolves in water (3.76 g/100 g at 20°C and 11.7 g/100 g at 50°C) aqueous solution highly aUtahne also soluble in methanol shghtly soluble in ethanol insoluble in acetone. 

Dark reddish-brown liquid the only nonmetallic element that is a liquid at ambient temperatures strong disagreeable odor volatilizes density 3.12 g/mL at 20°C vapor density 7.59 g/L refractive index 1.6475 boils at 58.8°C solidifies at -7.2°C vapor pressure 64 torr at 0°C and 185 torr at 22°C critical temperature 315°C critical pressure 102 atm critical volume 127 cm /mol surface tension 39.8 dynes/cm at 25°C electrical resistivity 6.5 x 10i°ohm-cm at 25°C sparingly soluble in water (2.31 g/lOOg at 0°C and 3.35 g/lOOg at 25°C) soluble in common organic solvents. 

Colorless gas strong, pungent odor gas density 2.985 g/L hquid density 1.114 g/mL at 0°C refractive index 1.4538 (at 0°C) vapor pressure 588 torr at 0°C liquefies at 6.8°C freezes at -111.3°C burns with a blue sooty flame reacts... 

White cubic crystal which turns blue when heated at 178°C density 4.14 g/cm the mineral nantokite (CuCl) has density 4.14 g/cm , hardness 2.5 (Mohs), refractive index 1.930 melts at 430°C becoming a deep, green hquid vaporizes around 1,400°C vapor pressure 5 torr at 645°C and 400 torr at 1,250°C low solubihty in water (decomposes partially) Ksp 1.72x10 insoluble in ethanol and acetone soluble in concentrated HCl and ammonium hydroxide. 

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