Initiator insoluble

Chloroacetyl chloride [79-04-9] (CICH2COCI) is the corresponding acid chloride of chloroacetic acid (see Acetyl chloride). Physical properties include mol wt 112.94, C2H2CI2O, mp —21.8 C, bp 106°C, vapor pressure 3.3 kPa (25 mm Hg) at 25°C, 12 kPa (90 mm Hg) at 50°C, and density 1.4202 g/mL and refractive index 1.4530, both at 20°C. Chloroacetyl chloride has a sharp, pungent, irritating odor. It is miscible with acetone and bensene and is initially insoluble in water. A slow reaction at the water—chloroactyl chloride interface, however, produces chloroacetic acid. When sufficient acid is formed to solubilize the two phases, a violent reaction forming chloroacetic acid and HCl occurs. 

Dillon, K. B. et al., J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1979, 885-887 The tribromide is initially insoluble in 100% sulfuric acid, 25% oleum or fluoro-sulfuric acid, but violent exotherms occurred after contact for 11, 4 and 5 hours respectively. 65% Oleum reacts violently on contact, and chlorosulfinic acid vigorously after shaking. 

Dissolve the peptide containing an N-terminal serine or threonine group at a concentration of at least 2mg/ml in 0.04 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0. Higher concentrations of peptides or proteins may be used without modification to the rest of the protocol, because the amount of periodate used in the reaction is in sufficient molar excess, even when low-molecular-weight peptides are being oxidized. Peptides that are initially insoluble... 

The well-known fact that heating of initially insoluble pulps in DMAc/LiCl improves solubility or increases the dissolution rate of the material had thus to be attributed to pronounced cellulose degradation. The observed improved solubility was evidently accompanied by a progressive DP loss of the pulp. The solubility gain was thus not an activation of the pulp, but mainly a degradation process to material of lower molecular weight which naturally exhibited a higher solubility in the cellulose solvent. 

Fig. 1. Glucose concentration over time for semibatch saccharification experiments at 15% (w/w) initial insoluble solids concentration and 20 FPU/g of cellulose enzyme loading. Filtration was applied at two different times to remove glucose (vertical dashed lines). VF Only vacuum filtration was applied alone VF+UF ultrafiltration was also applied following vacuum filtration VF, Washed Vacuum filtration was applied and the filter cake was washed with water. Error bars represent averages 1 SD for two repeated experiments.

The brown color of the N-Boc-3-pyrroline solution begins to fade immediately upon addition of tris (hydroxymethyl)phosphine. Approximately 45 min later, a viscous, brown substance is observed to adhere to the walls of the flask. This initially insoluble material dissolves after stirring overnight. A pale yellow solution results. 

Reichmanis et al. (38, 40), Wilkins et al. (39), and Chandross et al. (41) redesigned both the dissolution inhibitor and the matrix resin. They evaluated a variety of o-nitrobenzylcholates (structure 3.6) that are initially insoluble in alkaline developer but are cleaved upon UV radiation to form base-soluble species. As shown in Scheme 3.3, irradiation of the o-nitro-benzyl ester results in rearrangement and degradation to generate a carboxylic acid and o-nitrosobenzaldehyde (R = H in Scheme 3.3) (42). The matrix resin chosen is a copolymer of methyl acrylate and methacrylic acid that is far more transparent in the DUV than novolac resins and is soluble... 

Hydrolysis of the gums was often accompanied by the formation of a small amount of flufiy precipitate. Several gums that initially dissolved completely to give crystal clear solutions produced more of this brown residue than did gums that lacked clarity and ready solubility. These precipitates are denatured proteins or tannins often detected in plant gums. In two cases, those of Anogeissus latifolia and Astragalus gum-mifer, the hydrolysis was insufficient to cleave the more stable portions of the molecule. Those portions which were initially insoluble remained so but retained a white color quite different from the dark residue found in some other hydrolyses. Decomposition by the pathway shown previously was found to be less than 1% in every case tested. 

It has been observed, however, that those fission products that are initially soluble in the nitrate melt remain so throughout addition of nitric-acid vapor and subsequent recovery of sodium diuranate. Those fission products that are initially insoluble in the nitrate appear to remain so, although it is expected that the addition of the nitric-acid vapor will shift the distribution ratio. 

Titanocene polymers, 88, were also synthesized from polyethylene glycol in hopes of producing water-soluble products.168-171 Instead, the products were insoluble in all solvents. More recent work has shown that analogous organotin polyethers from poly(ethylene glycol) were initially insoluble, but on heating became soluble in a wide variety of liquids, including water. 

It is known that y mc decreases with the extent of methylation in the hydrophobic chain tip region (86, 87). The highly methyl-branched compounds A and B shown on Figure 4a showed the low ycmc 27 and 28 mN m respectively compared with 31 mN m for AOT (86). Of course, the general structure of these hydrocarbons is closely related to that of the fluorocarbons, which were so effective. The idea was to use this sulfosuccinate backbone, and to substitute hydrocarbon chains, which are as C02-philic as possible, in place of the fluorocarbon tails. These two compounds both dissolve in stirred SC-CO2 at 33 C and 250 bar at up to 0.1-wt%. The solid was initially insoluble, however after around 10 minutes surfactant began to melt, and after 20 minutes a singlephase transparent solution was formed. Under identical conditions AOT did not dissolve at all. 

Polyethylene-supported catalysts that are initially insoluble but that become soluble on heating and are separated as insoluble materials on cooling are also used as catalysts in polymerization reactions. Infact, this was the first way a polyethylene-bound catalyst was used (Eq. 11) [34]. However, soluble polymers used in this manner appear to have several deficiencies. First, separation of the products from the catalyst may notalways be as simple as was the case with catalysts like 11 or 12 and low molecular weight products. For example, while a hot solution of a polyethylene-bound neodymium salt was successfully used in the stereoselective polymerization of butadiene to form high molecular weight (Z)-poly( 1,4-butadiene), the product mixture after cooling was a thick, viscous sus-... 

The first example of a cholate based dissolution inhibitor was 2-nitrobenzylcholate which was used in conjunction with copolymers of methyl methacrylate and methaciylic acid for 248 nm applications (JO, 11). Upon photolysis of the o-nitroben l moiety, this ester, which is initially insoluble in aqueous base, is converted to the very base soluble cholic acid. The high contrasts obtained with such systems are made possible by the large molar volume of resist that can be made hydrophilic by a single bond scission. Similarly, t-butyl cholate has been described for use in various phenolic matrices(72,13) for long-UV and 248... 

Preparation of Monomer V. 4(2-Vinyloxyethoxy)cyclohexene (5 g, 0.027 mol) and 1.09 g (0.0026 mol) of Tg were placed in a vial together with a magnetic stirrer and sealed with a screw cap. Approximately 50 mL of Karstedt s platinum catalyst was added and the mixture heated to 80°C. The initially insoluble Tg went in solution as the reaction proceeded. The reaction was monitored by following the disappearance of the 2254 cm infrared band assigned to the Si-H bond. After approximately 30 minutes, the reaction was complete. Excess 4(2-vinyloxyethoxy)cyclohexene was removed under vacuum leaving V as a colorless oil. 

---