Vapor Deposited Diamond

The development in the late 1980s of an entirely new method of diamond synthesis using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), as an alternative to ultra-high pressure and temperature systems, has caused a considerable stir in the industry. 

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P. Mahalingam, D. S. Dandy. Simulation of morphological instabilities during diamond chemical vapor deposition. Diamond Rel Mater d 1759, 1997. 

Boron-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond is an exceptionally inert carbon electrode with a very wide potential window and very low voltammetric background current. [A. E. Fischer, Y. Show, and G. M. Swain, Electrochemical Performance of Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes from Different Commercial Sources, Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2553.]... 

MehtaMenon, P., Edwards, A., Feigerle, C. S., Shaw, R. W., Coffey, D. W., Heatherly, L., Clausing, R. E., Robinson, L. and Glasgow, D. C. (1999), Filament metal contamination and Raman spectra of hot filament chemical vapor deposited diamond films. Diam. Relat. Mater., 8(1) 101-109. 

It is well known that superequilibrium atomic hydrogen (SAH denoted by H ) produced by hot filament or plasma activation, as shown in Figure 1 (a) and (b), plays an important role during the diamond growth. Based on modern thermodynamics, the activated low-pressure vapor deposited diamond process can be regarded as a coupled reaction [13-19], consisting mainly of two simultaneous reactions. 

That is, the activated low-pressure vapor deposited diamond process has been quantitatively verified as an example of thermodynamic reaction coupling, because all these data of molar Gibbs free energy changes are subordinate to criterion in modem thermodynamics for reaction coupling, i.e. [(AGOt > 0, (AG2)t p < 0 and (AG)t p<0]. 

Sato Y., Kamo M., Texture and some properties of vapor-deposited diamond films. Surface and Coatings Tech. 39/40 (1989) pp.l83—198. 

Peptide microarrays are prepared by immobilizing many peptide molecules on the surface of a solid support in a small area in an addressable fashion. The immobilization can be achieved via in situ synthesis or chemical ligation through a covalent bond. A hydrophihc linker between the sohd surface and the peptide usually is added to minimize steric hinderance caused by the sohd support. The most commonly used solid support for microarray printing is a standard microscope glass slide. Other solid supports also have been used such as polystyrene, nitrocellulose membranes, PVDF membranes, Hybond ECL membranes, gold surfaces, and chemical vapor deposited diamond films. 

Barber ZH, Clyne TW (2002) Ag nanoparticle induced surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of chemical vapor deposition diamond thin films prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. J Appl Phys 91 6085-6088... 

Bormett RW, Asher SA, Witowski RE, Partlow WD, Lizewski R, Pettit F (1995) Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy characterizes chemical vapor deposition diamond film growth and oxidation. J Appl Phys 77 5916... 

Alternative methods for introducing electrical conductivity into diamond have been developed, which include dopants such as nitrogen[72,78,81,89], sp2 carbon inclusions in grain boundaries[75], and metal and metal cluster inclusions, and subsurface hydrogen[75]. Other forms of conductive diamond, such as surface conductive[81] or ultracrystalline diamond[78] have also been quoted in literature, suggesting that several types of chemically vapor-deposited diamond may find electrochemical applications[75],... 

At a microscopic level the contact surface is restricted by peaks and valleys and even highly polished surfaces may exhibit a high peak to valley ratio. This makes it necessary to use an extremely flat contact surface between the heat source and thermal spreader to guarantee an efficient transfer of heat. Chemical vapor deposition diamond with a thickness of 1000 pm has been used for Multi Chip Modules (MCM) for this purpose. Heat spreaders are used in the electronic industry for IC packaging and solid-state lasers. 

Y. Hayashi, W. Drawl, and R. Messier, Temperature dependence of nueleation density of chemical vapor deposition diamond, Jpn. J. Appl Phys., 31(2B) L193-196 (1992)... 

C. R. Eddy, Jr., D. L. Youchison, and B. D. Sartwell, Comparison of (CH4-02)-H2 and CO-H2 plasmas for low temperature diamond film deposition by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Diamond Relal Mjter., 3(1-2) 105-1H (1994)... 

R. Locher, C. Wild, N. Herres, D. Behr, and P. KoidI, Nitrogen stabilized <100> texture in chemical vapor deposited diamond An s,Appl Phys. Lett, 65(l) 34-36... 

D. N. Belton, and S. J. Schmieg, Nucleation of chemically vapor deposited diamond on platinum and nickel substrates. Thin Solid Films, 212(l-2) 68-80 (1992)... 

P. E. Pehrsson, J. Glesener, and A. Morrish, Chemical vapor deposition diamond nucleation induced by sp carbon on unscratched silicon. Thin Solid Films, 212(1-... 

W. E. Brower, R. A. Bauer, and N. M. Sbrockey, Catalytic effects on diamond film formation by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Diamond Relat Mater., l(8) 859-864 (1992)... 

K. Lee, and S. Harris, Boron carbide films grown from microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Diamond Relat. Mater, 7[10], 1539-1543(1998). 

It was argued that the most celebrated violation of thermodynamics is the fact that CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond forms under thermodynamically unstable pressure - temperature conditions. A careful analysis of thermodynamic data led to the conclusion that certain equilibria are taking part in the process, so that the process no longer appears as a thermodynamic paradox [18]. The key idea was to assume that CVD diamond formation is a chemical process consisting in accretion of polymantane macromolecules. Thus, violations of thermodynamic principles could be avoided. 

Thermochemistry and Mechanism of Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond Growth... 

Properties and Applications of Chemical Vapor Deposited Diamond... 

Chemical Vapor Deposited Diamond for Passive Infrared Windows in Aggressive Environments... 

Chemical Vapor Deposited Diamond Wear Parts... 

In Volume 2 ceramic hard materials are highlighted in the light of their applications. Chapter 1 of Part III concisely reviews the history of diamond and diamondlike super abrasive tools while Chapter 2 and 3 are concerned with the application of chemical vapor deposited diamond and diamond-like carbon films. These sections... 

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