Vancomycin-resistant bacteria Enterococcus

Vancoresmycin (125) is a metabolite extacted from the mycelium of an actinomycete strain of the genus Amycolatopsin sp. It exhibited potent activity against gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant strains such as Enterococcus spp. [191], but was inactive towards gramnegative bacteria and showed no fungal activity. The plane structure was derived from MS and NMR studies which also revealed the stereochem-... 

While many natural products have been tested against hundreds of different strains of bacteria, the most common bacteria used in susceptibility tests include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Chlamydia pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Helicobacter pylori [18, 19], As the amount of published data describing the in vitro, in vivo and clinical antibacterial activities of natural products is so vast it could easily fill a book (or two), this review focuses only on natural products for which there is in vitro, in vivo and some clinical antibacterial data, as well as a plausible mechanism of action. 

C. beijerinckii is also a producer of clostrubin, an exceptional polyphenolic polyketide antibiotic [26]. Small doses (0.12-0.97 pM minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)) of clostrubin inhibit growth ofvarious pathogenic bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and mycobacteria [26]. 

Like the battle against viruses, the war to stop bacterial and parasitic infections has reached the critical stage, with multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), killing thousands of people annually in the United States [196]. Likewise, tuberculosis (TB) has killed about 1 billion people worldwide over the past two centuries. Some 3.5 milUon people in India are currently infected with TB [197]. 

It is a glycopeptide antibiotic and primarily active against gram positive bacteria, strains of Staph, aureus which are resistant to methicillin are inhibited by vancomycin. It is also effective against Strep, viridans, enterococcus, Clostridium dijficile and diphtheroids. 

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