Streptomyces kanamyceticus

As described in U.S. Patent 2,931,798, Streptomyces kanamyceticus (K2-J) was first cultured in shake flasks in the following media (a) 0.75% meat extract, 0.75% peptone,... 

A fermentation broth containing Streptomyces kanamyceticus cells is filtered by a vacuum rotary filter. The feed rate is 120kg h1 each kilogram of broth contains 60g of cells. To improve filtration, filter aids are added at a rate of 10kg-h. The concentration of kanamycin in the broth is 0.05%. The filtrate is collected at a rate of 112 kg h. The concentration of kanamycin in the filtrate is 0.045%. The filter cake contains cells, and filter aid is continuously removed from the filter cloth. 

Fermentation of Streptomyces kanamyceticus (ATCC 12853) and precipitation with sodium dodecylphenylsulfonate. 

TABLE 2.13. Proteins Encoded in the Genomic Area Covering the fcan-Cluster of Streptomyces kanamyceticus DSM 40500 (Accession Code AJ628422)"... 

Of the eight aminoglycosides that are currently used, five are synthesized from different versions of Streptomyces streptomycin (isolated from Streptomyces griseus), neomycin (isolated from Streptomyces fradiae), paromomycin (isolated from S. rimosus), kanamycin (isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus), and tobramycin (isolated from... 

Kanamycin Kanamycin, 0-3-amino-3-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(l—>6)-0-[6-deoxy-6-amino-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(l—>4)]-2-deoxy-D-streptamine (32.4.6), is isolated from a culture fluid of the actinomycete Streptomyces kanamyceticus, which produces three antibiotics—kanamycins A, B, and C. It is described in Chapter 32. 

It is derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. It is active against Pseudomo-... 

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is obtained from Streptomyces kanamyceticus bacterium and is soluble in water. There are 16 chiral centers in this molecule and no cavity. It contains two pyranose rings, six hydroxyl groups, and three amine groups. This characteristic makes the molecule capable of enantiorecognition of different antipodes. 

Straphanthuis grains, 834 Strepsils, 353 Streptocidum, 991 Streptomyces ambofaciens, 973 Streptomyces anUhwUcus, 832 Streptomyces erythreus, 589 Streptomyces fradiae, 802, 1058 Streptomyces garyphalus, 504 Streptomyces griseus, 976 Streptomyces kanamyceticus, 693 Streptomyces mediterra net, 960 Streptomyces natalensis, 801... 

M Murase, T Ito, S Fukatsu, H Umezawa. Studies on kanamycin-related compounds produced during fermentation hy mutants of Streptomyces kanamyceticus. Isolation and Properties. Progress in Antimicrohial and Cancer Chemotherapy, Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Chemotherapy, vol 11. Baltimore University Park Press, 1970, pp 1098-1110. 

This was not the end of the story, and over the years, several other antibiotics of the same structural type as streptomycin were discovered and subsequently entered clinical practice. These include neomycin (1949) from Streptomyces fradiae (especially for dermatological infections) kanamycin (1957) from Streptomyces kanamyceticus (initially used for infections caused by pseudomonads - organisms that are especially dangerous for bum victims - but has now been replaced by safer drugs) gentamicin (1963) from... 

Kanamycin. Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus Okami A Umezawa from Japanese soil Umezawa el ai. J. Amibiot. 10A, 181 (1957) U.S. pat. 2,931,798 (1960). Comprised of three components, kanamycin A, the major component (usually designated as kanamycin) and kanamycins B and C, two minor congeners, lsoln and purification of kanamycins A and B and their salts Johnson er at., and Johnson, Hardcastle. U.S. pats. 

A close relationship between eporulation and secondary biosynthesis by Streptomyces kanamyceticus (14) and in Streptomyces bikiniensis was described (l5). Non-sporu-lating variants were obtained with acriflavine treatment which lost the ability to produce the antibiotics. If it is assumed that the structural genes of the biosynthetic pathway are localized in chromosome, the deletion of ex-trachromosomal DNA may cause a loss of the ability to produce an endogenous inducer. Induction of the enzymes governing the formation of secondary metabolites would thus be closely associated with the expression of other traits, particularly sporulation. This fact was observed by Drew et al. (16) induction of cephalosporin C formation in Cephalosporium acremonium by methionine was ac-companied by arthrospore formation. 

C.2H25N306 307.346 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Isol. from Streptomyces kanamyceticus with 2,5-Dideoxystreptamine. Active against gram-positive bacteria. Sol. H2O poorly sol. EtOH, hexane. 

C,2H25N307 323.345 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Isol. from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. 

C,8H36N40 484.503 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Isol. from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. Broad spectrum chnically used antibiotic. Cryst. (EtOH). Sol. HjO fairly sol. MeOH poorly sol. butanol, hexane. Log P -7.77 (uncertain value) (calc). 

CigHsyNsOio 483.518 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Prod, by Streptomyces kanamyceticus. Shows broad-spectrum activity. Congener of Kanamycin A, K-3 administered as sulfate. Cryst. or cryst. + 2H2O. 

O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl 4 -O-0i-D-Gluco-pyranosylkanamycin B C24H47N5O15 645.66 Prod, by Streptomyces kanamyceticus. Sol. H2O poorly sol. Me2CO, hexane. 

Prod, by Streptomyces kanamyceticus and Streptomyces fradiae and by hydrol. of Paromomycin. Weakly active against gram-positive bacteria. Sol. H2O MeOH poorly sol. butanol, hexane. [a]o +114 (c, 1.4 in H2O). 

The report that cAMP relieves glucose repression of iV-acetylkanamycin amidohydrolase in Streptomyces kanamyceticus, a prokaryote ( ), indicates that the repression mechanism resembles that of different catabolic enzymes in bacteria, which proceed via the inhibition of adenylate cyclase, the enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP (D 10.4). As a consequence the concentration of cAMP decreases and the transcription by RNA polymerase of operons subjected to cAMP control is inhibited (catabolite repression). In eucaryotes, however, catabolite repression could not be demonstrated. In Penicillium cyclopium for instance, glucose suppression of benzodiazepine alkaloid biosynthesis cannot be overcome by administration of cAMP or cAMP derivatives. 

Kanamycin, produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus, has been shown by... 

The technique of cell fusion has unpredictable results. A more rational approach would be to introduce only the enzymes necessary to extend the metabolic pathways by one or two desirable steps. For example, amongst the aminoglycosides, amikacin is manufactured chemically from the natural product kanamycin A (Figure 6.12). Streptomyces kanamyceticus, which synthesizes kanamycin, cannot perform this conversion. However Bacillus... 

---