Vaccines against parasites

Chatfield, S.N. Roberts, M. Dougan, G. Hormaeche, C. Khan, C.M.A. The development of oral vaccines against parasitic diseases utilizing live attenuated salmonella. Parasitology 1995, IIO, S17-S24. 

Munn, E.A., Smith, T.S., Smith, EL, Smith, F. and Andrews, S.J. (1997) Vaccination against Haemonchus contortus with denatured forms of the protective antigen Hll. Parasite Immunology 19, 243—248. 

Smith, W.D., Smith, S.K, Murray, J.M., Liddell, S. and Knox, D.P. (1993) Vaccines against metazoan parasites. Patent Application No. PCT/GB/93/0L521. 

Emery, D.L. (1996) Vaccination against worm parasites of animals. Veterinary Parasitology 64, 31-45. 

Emery, D.L. and Wagland, B.M. (1991) Vaccines against gastrointestinal nematode parasites of ruminants. Parasitology Today 7, 347-349. 

Newton, S.E. and Munn, E.A. (1999) The development of vaccines against gastrointestinal nematode parasites, particularly Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology Today 15, 116-122. 

Maizels RM, Holland M, Falcone FH, Zang XX, Yazdanbakhsh M Vaccination against helminth parasites the ultimate challenge for immunologists Immunol Rev 1999 171 125-148. 

Potential Practical Impact of Vaccination Against Cestode Parasites.296... 

While the T. ovis vaccine attracted considerable attention as the first, highly successful defined-antigen vaccine against a parasitic disease, and the product was registered for commercial use in New Zealand, regrettably it has never been marketed. Economic and political factors contributed to the decision by the commercial partner in the T. ovis vaccine development not to market the product (Rickard et al., 1995). 

Lightowlers, M.W., Colebrook, A.L., Gauci, C.G., Gauci, S.M., Kyngdon, C.T., Monkhouse, J.L., Vallejo Rodriquez, C., Read, A.J., Rolfe, R.A. and Sato, C. (2003a) Vaccination against cestode parasites antihelminth vaccines that work and why. Veterinary Parasitology 1 1 5, 83-1 23. 

The development of successful vaccines against the highly pathogenic larvae of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis (in man and domestic animals), T. solium (in man and pigs) and those of economic importance, such as T. saginata (in cattle) and T. ovis and T. multiceps (both in sheep) would clearly revolutionise the control of these important parasites, and much effort has been put into this research area (reviewed 137, 447, 687, 691, 784, 961). 

Some examples of research under development include a synthetic conjugated polysaccharide vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type B, which has been described in 2004 (O Fig. 34). The vaccine prototype was obtained by conjugation to human serum albumin (HSA) [173]. Furthermore, very recently a malaria vaccine has been suggested [174] which is based on the total synthesis of the malaria toxin responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria. The malaria parasite expresses a large amount of glycosylphosphatidylinositol... 

Malarial infection does not produce immunity in patients, and active research has been initiated to develop a malaria vaccine. " A vaccine that blocks the entry of sporozoites into the liver cells will prevent malaria at this stage. However, immunity to sporozoites does not protect the host against parasites in the erythrocytic cycle. Infective sporozoites of P. falciparum are covered by a polypeptide, circumsporozoite protein. Isolatiou aud ideutification of the gene encoding for this circumsporozoite protein have led to the development of a monoclonal antibody by recombinant DNA technology P. falciparum sporozoite vaccine is now under investigation. ... 

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