Malaria prevention

Franco-Paredes C et al Problem pathogens Prevention of malaria in travellers. Lancet Inf Dis 2006 6 139. [PMID 16500595] Freedman DO Malaria prevention in short-term travelers. N Engl J Med 2008 359 603. [PMID 18687641]... 

The production and use of most POP pesticides have been prohibited in China, but DDT, HCB, chlordane, and mirex were still in production and use in 2003. DDT is used as an intermediate for producing Dicofol, anti-fouling paint, as an ingredient in some mosquito-repellent incense, and for malaria prevention (including export). HCB is never used as a pesticide in China, but it is used as an intermediate to produce sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP), which is used extensively to kill snails in those places where schistosomiasis prevails. Owing to their specific... 

DDT 3236 2 459,000 Raw material for Dicofol, additives for paints and mosquito-repellent incense, and malaria prevention... 

After 1983, the Standing Committee of State Council decided to stop the application of DDT in agriculture. Thereafter, DDT was mainly used as a raw material to produce Dicofol, with a small portion consumed as raw material to produce paints, as additives to produce mosquito-repellent incense, and to prevent malaria. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has decided that DDT can be used in closed systems and indoor sites in small amounts to control disease vectors, but its outdoor use is forbidden to prevent pollution. Malaria control in China has been effective, and DDT has not been used by local CDCs since 2001. The sale and consumption of DDT in 2001 and 2002 are shown in Table 3.4. It is seen that 83.9% of DDT produced was used to produce Dicofol 8.5% of that was exported for malaria prevention, 2.5% was used to produce mosquito-repellent incense, and 3.9% was used to produce paints. The investigation of consumption in 10 provinces and cities of China indicates that DDT is no longer used for agriculture or termite control, and a small portion of DDT is still used to prevent malaria. For example, 380 MT of DDT was used to control malaria between 1997 and 2000 in Yunnan province. 

Croft A 2000 Malaria prevention in travellers. British Medical Journal 321 154-160 Flexner C 1998 HIV-protease inhibitors. New England Journal of Medicine 338 1281-1292 Gilden D H et al 2000 Neurological complications of the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. New England Journal of Medicine 342 635-645 Gubareva L V, Kaiser L, Hayden F G 2000 Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors. Lancet 355 827-835... 

Lobel HO, Baker MA, Gras FA, Stennies GM, Meerburg P, Hiemstra E, Parise M, Odero M, Waiyaki P. Use of malaria prevention measures by North American and European travelers to East Africa. J Travel Med 2001 8(4) 167-72. 

Baxter, A.M. and Gwadz, R.W., Malaria Prevention and Therapy (Emphasis on Africa), National Library of Medicine, 1997, http //www.nlm.nih.gov/ pubs/resources.html.A [Accessed Sep 28, 2002],... 

Useful for guidance on cancer chemotherapy and other topics. http //www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics az/malaria Health Protection Agency, Malaria prevention and treatment guidelines. 

In the United States, the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health offer grants for parasitological research. In 2006, the National Institutes of Health awarded Yale University researchers 5.4 million to study cutaneous leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease spread by female sand flies. A variety of private organizations also support parasitology research. In 2009, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced a series of seventy-six 100,000 grants aimed at combating some of the m or issues in society, at least one of which was slated for research into malaria prevention. 

Still frame taken from a 1944 US Army video about malaria prevention ( Private Snafu and Anopheles Annie [1944])... 

Bouwman, H., H. van den Berg, and H. Kylin. DDT and Malaria Prevention Addressing the Paradox. Environmental Health Perspectives 119 (2011) 744-A7. 

Only 2.3% of the population 54 used malaria prevention methods as they cannot afford them. Even after adjusting for the effect of forest work, ethnic group, age, and education, women were still significantly less at risk of malaria. Compared to men, women usually remain well covered, particularly when working outside, thus reducing the risk of exposure to mosquito bites... 

K. Macintyre, S. Sosler, F. LetipUa, M. Lochigan, S. Hassig, S. A. Omar, and J. Githure. A new tool for malaria prevention Results of a trial of permethrin-impregnated bedsheets (shukas) in an area of unstable transmission. International Journal of Epidemiology, 32,1, 157-160, 2003. 

B. McEhoy et al. Malaria prevention in north-eastern Tanzania Patterns of expenditure and determinants of demand at the household level. Malar J, 8, 95, 2009. 

Eieedman DO. Malaria prevention in short-term travelers. New England Journal of Medicine 359 603-612, 2008. 

Chiodini P, Hill D, Lalloo D, Lea G, Walker E, Whitty C, and Bannister B. 2007. Guidelines for Malaria Prevention in Travellers from the UK. London Health Protection Agency. 

M Burns, M Rowland, R N Guessan, I Cameiro, A Beeche, SS Ruiz, S Kamara, W Takken, P Camevale, and R Allan. Insecticide-treated plastic sheeting for emergency malaria prevention and shelter among displaced populations An observational cohort study in a refugee setting in Sierra Leone. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87 242-250, 2012. 

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