Circumsporozoite protein

Ding, Z.M., Cristiano, R.J., Roth, J.A., Takacs, B., Kuo, M.T. (1995). Malarial circumsporozoite protein is a novel gene delivery vehicle to primary hepatocyte cultures and cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 3667-3676. 

Greenwood J, Willis AE, Perham RN, Multiple display foreign peptides on a filamentous bacteriophage Peptides from Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein as antigens, J. Mol. Biol., 220 821-827, 1991. 

One of the early vaccine candidates was directed against sporozoites, the form of the parasites that is first injected into the host by a mosquito. With recent development of recombinant techniques, several circumsporozoite proteins or its related peptides were proposed as the vaccine candidates. Clinical trials have been carried out. The vaccines were immunogenic, but did not provide sufficient protective efficacy (90,91). 

Malarial infection does not produce immunity in patients, and active research has been initiated to develop a malaria vaccine. " A vaccine that blocks the entry of sporozoites into the liver cells will prevent malaria at this stage. However, immunity to sporozoites does not protect the host against parasites in the erythrocytic cycle. Infective sporozoites of P. falciparum are covered by a polypeptide, circumsporozoite protein. Isolatiou aud ideutification of the gene encoding for this circumsporozoite protein have led to the development of a monoclonal antibody by recombinant DNA technology P. falciparum sporozoite vaccine is now under investigation. ... 

Myung, J. M., Marshall, P., and Sinnis, P. (2004). The Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein is involved in mosquito salivary gland invasion by sporozoites. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 133, 53-59. 

Sidjanski, S. P., Vanderberg, J. P., and Sinnis, P. (1997). Anopheles stephensi salivary glands bear receptors for region I of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. 

Thathy, V., Fujioka, H., Gantt, S., Nussenzweig, R., Nussenzweig, V., and Menard, R. (2002). Levels of circumsporozoite protein in the Plasmodium oocyst determine sporozoite morphology. EMBO. 21,1586-1596. 

Usynin, I., Klotz, C., and Frevert, U. (2007). Malaria circumsporozoite protein inhibits the respiratory burst in Kupffer cells. Cell Microbiol. 9, 2610-2628. 

Wang, Q., Fujioka, H., and Nussenzweig, V. (2005a). Exit of Plasmodium sporozoites from oocysts is an active process that involves the circumsporozoite protein. PLoS Pathog. 1, e9. 

CSP circumsporozoite protein Ddp2 D. discoideum plasmid 2 FSH follicle-stimulating hormone GABA y-aminobutyric acid... 

Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is an important potential component of a vaccine against malaria. It is obvious that P. falciparum should be expressed in D. discoideum, as the two organisms have quite similar A-i-T contents of their genomes (total genome 78% in D. discoideum and 81% in P. falciparum, re-... 

Plasmodium falciparum 1422 Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) 682 Plasvata 461... 

Molano, A., Park, S.FI., Chiu, Y.H., Nosseir, S., Bendelac, A. andTsuji, M., Cutting edge the IgG response to the circumsporozoite protein is MHC class Il-dependent and CDld-independent exploring the role of GPIs in NK T cell activation and antimalarial responses, J Immunol 164 (2000) 5005-5009. 

V. The basolateral domain of the hepatocyte plasma membrane bears receptors for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Cell 1992 70 1021-1033. 

Frevert U, Sinnis P, Cerami C, Shreffler W, Takacs B, Nussenzweig V. Malaria circumsporozoite protein binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans associated with the surface membrane of hepatocytes. J Exp Med 1993 177 1287-1298. 

Rathore D, McCutchan TF, Garboczi DN, Toida T, Hernaiz MJ, LeBrun LA, Lang SC, Linhardt RJ. Direct measurement of the interactions of glycosami-noglycans and a heparin decasaccharide with the malaria circumsporozoite protein. Biochemistry 2001 40 11518-11524. 

So far, the candidate vaccines are poorly immunogenic and have been ineffective in preventing infection. A vaccine containing the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum together with adjuvants has been developed in order to enhance the immune response. 

Stoute JA, Slaoui M, Heppner DG, Momin P, Kester KE, Desmons P, Wellde BT, Gargon N, Kazych U, Marchand M et al (1997) A preliminary evaluation of a recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 336 86-91... 

Pancake SJ, Holt GD, Mellouk S, Hoffman SL (1992) Malaria sporozoites and circumsporozoite proteins bind specifically to sulfated glycoconjugates. J Cell Biol 117 1351 7. 

Sinnis, P, Clavijo, P, Fenyo, D, Chait, BT, Cerami, C, and Nussenzweig, V (1994) Structural and functional properties of region II-plus of the malaria circumsporozoite protein. J Exp Med 180 297-306. 

Cerami, C, Frevert, U, Sinnis, P, Takacs, B, Clavijo, P, Santos, MJ, and Nussenzweig, V (1992) The basolateral domain of the hepatocyte plasma membrane bears receptors for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Cell 70, 1021-1035. 

Gantt SM, Clavijo P, Bai X, Esko JD, Sinnis P (1997) Cell adhesion to a motif shared by the malaria circumsporozoite protein and thrombospondin is mediated by its glycosaminoglycan-binding region and not by CSVTCG. J Biol Chem 272 19205-13. 

Shakibaei M, Frevert U 1996. Dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J Exp Med 184 1699-1711. 

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