Utility station requirements

Utility stations are required at tower platforms that have maintenance accesses. Steam and air risers are the two services required and must be positioned during the tower layout stage so diat adequate clips can be furnished for support. Exhibit 10-68 shows utility station requirements. Such towers as demethanizers operate under extremely cold conditions and sometimes... 

During this inspection the contractor recognized that additional fiberglass work was required. These repairs would require grinding to properly finish one of the field made joints within this header. The contractor generally used a pneumatic grinder for these type of repairs and this chemical plant was equipped with many compressed air utility stations which could be connected to nominal 3/4-inch (1.9 cm) hoses. 

Utility Stations - Utility stations (steam, air, and water) with 50-ft. hoses are normally required in process areas. A station should be provided for approximately every 5.000 ft. of process area or at least one per level of structure. This unit includes three 50-ft. runs of 1-in. carbon steel pipe with one service valve each. The hoses, heat tracing, and insulation are not included. 

Power generating stations and other public utility facilities required in an emergency... 

In other cases, flash steam is utilized on equipment, which is completely separated from the high-pressure source. Often the low-pressure demand does not at all times match the availability of the flash steam. A pressure-reducing station is often needed to make up any deficit and a surplus valve is required to vent any flash steam in excess of the amount being condensed. 

In contrast to systems that are set up to transmit local only alarms when the sensors are triggered, systems can also be set up to transmit signals to a central location, such as to a control room or guard post at the utility, or to a police or fire station. Most fire/smoke alarms are set up to signal both at the location of the event and at a fire station or central monitoring station. Many insurance companies require that facilities install certified systems that include alarm communication to a central station. For example, systems certified by the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) require that the alarm be reported to a central monitoring station. 

Since only relatively simple equipment is required, it should prove feasible to flash-pyrolyze the coal at the generating station or at the mine at which it is produced, and to transport the primary liquids from several operations to a large central upgrading facility. In Alberta alone, where coal consumption by electric utilities is expected to climb from an annual rate of 6.5 million tons In 1977 to 16-17 million tons in 1985 and... 

The 1990 Amendments to the U.S. Clean Air Act require a 50% reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions by the year 2000. Electric power stations are believed to be the source of 70% of all sulfur dioxide emissions (see Power generation). As of the mid-1990s, no utilities were recovering commercial quantities of elemental sulfur in the United States. Two projects had been announced Tampa Electric Company s plan to recover 75,000—90,000 metric tons of sulfuric acid (25,000—30,000 metric tons sulfur equivalent) annually at its power plant in Polk County, Florida, and a full-scale sulfur recovery system to be installed at PSI Energy s Wabash River generating station in Terre Haute, Indiana. Completed in 1995, the Terre Haute plant should recover about 14,000 t/yr of elemental sulfur. 

Today, the planned installation of new oil fired steam boilers is essentially nil. Table II shows that approximately 96,000 mw of capacity will remain in place in 1987. These units were put into service primarily in the mid-1960fs and have 10-30 years of useful life remaining. Installed capacity of liquid fueled combined cycle units is expected to grow from 3000 to 8000 mw over this time period. These units generate electricity more efficiently than conventional boilers. Combined cycle capacity is projected to be utilized much more extensively than in the past. As a result, the anticipated quantity of power generated from combined cycle equipment may increase nine-fold from 4,000 to 36,000 million Kilowatt hours as shown in Table III. Unfortunately, the future use of petroleum liquids for this kind of operation has been jeopardized by the recently legislated Fuel Use Act. This Act requires coal to be used instead of petroleum for new power stations. 

Cathodic protection has many applications, e.g. in refineries, power stations, gas, water, and oil utilities on marine structures, e.g. jetties, piers, locks, offshore platforms, pipelines, ships hulls, etc. and on land structures, e.g. buried pipeline, storage tanks, cables, etc. For each use, the cathodic protection system requires careful design, either impressed current, sacrificial anodes, or a combination of both may be chosen. There may also be other protection systems, e.g. paint, the nature of which will affect the design parameters and must be taken into consideration. 

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