Uterine tumor

D5 has slightly different properties than D4, and it does not have any estrogenic activity [289]. It does, however, also have adverse effects on the reproductive system, much like D4, but also on the adipose tissue, bile production, and even immune system due to D5 s effect of reducing the prolactin levels [291]. In addition, it was determined that D5 causes a significant increase in uterine tumors in rats after a 160 ppm exposure. However, it is proposed that the tumors occur in rats through a mechanism that would not affect humans [291]. D5 also acts as a dopamine agonist and it can cause adverse effects on the nervous system in humans [291]. For exposures to D6 in rats, an increase in liver and thyroid mass and reproductive effects were observed [292]. 

Bamberger AM, Bamberger CM, Wald M, Kratzmeier M, Schulte HM (1996) Protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzyme expression pattern as an indicator of proliferative activity in uterine tumor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 123 81-88 Basu A, Teicher BA, Lazo JS (1990) Involvement of protein kinase C in phorbol ester-induced sensitization of HeLa cells to ds-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) J Biol Chem 265 8451-8457... 

The major uses of progestogens are for hormone replacement therapy and for hormonal contraception where they suppress ovulation and make the cervical mucus impenetrable to spermatozoa. Other indications include secondary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, infertility and habitual abortion and endometrium suppression in endometriosis. Progestogens are also used for palliation in metastasized endometrial and breast carcinoma. Medrogestone has been used in the treatment of fibroid uterine tumors. 

Menispermum palmatum L. Pulegone, pinenes, limonene, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, beta-methyl-adipic acid, phenol, cresols, eugenal.100 For uterine tumors, uterine fibroids, indurations of the uterus. 

A variety of uterine tumors have been associated with tamoxifen, Levine et al have now presented what is probably the first report of Tamoxifen-associated uterine lipo-sarcoma has now been observed in a 62-year-old woman (88). The tumor cells were immunoreactive to vimentin, estrogen receptors, and S-100. Surgery was performed, but the tumor recurred 9 months later. 

In fact, the most widely recognized adverse effects of tamoxifen are those related to the stimulatory effects on the endometrium. These effects include proliferation of the endometrium (Dijkhuizen et al., 1996 Hann et al., 1997 Lahti et al., 1993), formation of endometrial polyps (Cohen et al., 1997 Hann et al., 1997 Kedar et al., 1994a Lahti et al., 1993), hyperplasia (Cohen, 1997 Lahti et al, 1993), and cancer (Fisher et al, 1994 Rutqvist et al., 1995 Stearns and Gelmann, 1998 Wilking et al, 1997). Other reproductive side effects of tamoxifen are worsening of endometriosis (Buckley, 1990 Hajjar et al, 1993 Ismail and Maulik, 1997), adenomyosis (Cohen etal, 1997), and proliferation of benign uterine tumors (Cohen, 1997 Kang et al, 1996). 

Knockout systems ethylnitrosourea induced uterine tumors in p53 knockout mice. susceptible to methylcholanthrene-induced tumorigenesis. [113] well studied. Can be created for most cytokines or effector cells. May provide strong proof of concept. genes. Compensatory effects may mask deficit. All or nothing effect may overestimate hazard. 

SAFETY PROFILE Suspected human carcinogen producing uterine tumors. Human reproductive effects by ingestion abnormalities of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. A steroid. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. 

In rats (but not in mice) high doses of bromocriptine induced malignant uterine tumors within 2 years (SEDA-3, 122). Tumor induction has not been seen in man, but enlargement of a non-invasive pituitary tumor has been observed on more than one occasion. 

Because medical conditions, emotional/behavioral symptoms, and physiologic indices change during the premenstrual and per-imenopause phases, it is important to rule out other disorders that may contribute to mood fluctuations or pain syndromes (Table 78-2). For example, dysmenorrhea may be primary, which occurs during ovulatory cycles, or secondary, which relates to pelvic pathology (e.g., infection caused by the placement of intrauterine devices, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cyst, endometrial cancer, adhesions, and benign uterine tumors). 

TABLE 18.5 Key Differential Diagnosis Epithelioid Uterine Tumors ... 

Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor (UTROSCT)... 

This is a very rare, possibly benign uterine tumor that is characterized by a cytologically bland and largely mitot-ically inactive proliferation of spindle cells in a myxoid matrix. The main differential diagnostic considerations include myxoid leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal neoplasm with myxoid stroma. All inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors reported in the largest series were ALK-positive, which is similar to what has been described to occur in other sites. " All uterine mesenchymal neoplasms studied were ALK-negative, including smooth muscle and endometrial stromal tumors and carcinosarcomas. 

Krishnamurthy S, Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ, et al. Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors have an immunophe-notype consistent with true sex-cord differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998 22 1078-1082. 

Bonazzi del Poggetto C, Virtanen I, Lehto VP, et al. Expression of intermediate filaments in ovarian and uterine tumors. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1983 1 359-366. 

Clement PB, Scully RE. Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors. A clinicopathologic analysis of 14 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976 66 512-525. 

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