Uses of Cinnamon

As early as 1944, reports have showed that extracts and constituents from C. zeylanicum possess antimicrobial potential. Unlu et al (2010) demonstrated that the essential oil showed strong antimierobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria Staphylococcus 

CINNAMOMUM—A UNIQUE SPICE WITH UNLIMITED APPLICATIONS 

Khan et al. 2003 60 people with type 2 diabetes in controlled study of parallel design 

Randomly divided Into 6 groups Group 1,2, and 3 consumed 1,3, and 6 g of cinnamon daily Cinnamomum cassia), respectively, and groups 4, 

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Use of cinnamon complexed with cyclodextrin in the manufacture of dried cinnamon-flavored apple slices prevents loss of cinnamon due to evaporation and protects the cinnamon from oxidation.100 Good flavor is released on consumption of the apple slices. Mustard oils are very irritating and care must be taken while working with them to prevent their release into the atmosphere. Complexing mustard oils with cyclodextrin reduces their volatility, making them easier to work with. While the volatility of the mustard oil is greatly reduced when it is in the complexed form, the mustard oil is readily released in the mouth when consumed. A complex of mustard oil has been used to prepare steak sauce.101... 

The term cinnamon refers to the genus Cinnamomum, which belongs to the family of Lauraceae and comprises over 250 species of evergreen trees and shrubs [65], Cinnamon is a spice native to Sri Lanka and Southern India used for thousands of years [58]. The first recorded use of cinnamon was by the father of Chinese medicine, Emperor Shen Nung circa 2800 B.C.E. Cinnamon was used in Eg5q)t as an ingredient in embalming fluid for the mummification process and was mentioned... 

Others. A major use of cinnamon leaf oil is for the isolation of eugenol. 

Clove bud oil is frequendy used iu perfumery for its natural sweet-spicy note but the greatest appHcation is iu the davor area iu a large variety of food products, including spice blends, seasoniugs, piddes, canned meats, baked goods, ready-made mixes, etc. As iu the case of cinnamon bark oil, its well-known antiseptic properties make it ideal for appHcation iu mouth washes, gargles, dentifrices, and pharmaceutical and dental preparations. Candy, particulady chewing gum, is also davored with clove bud oil iu combination with other essential oils. 

Cinnamaldehyde, the aromatic constituent of cinnamon oil, can be synthesized by a mixed aldol condensation. Show the starling materials you would use, and write the reaction. 

Eugenol is a natural product available from a variety of essential oils (cinnamon-tree or pimentos leaves). Its isomerization (Eq. 49) into isoeugenol, the starting material for synthetic vanillin, is rather difficult and proceeds in modest yields under relatively harsh conditions. It can, however, be very efficiently prepared by use of 2.2 molar equivalents of base and catalytic (5 %) amounts of Aliquat in the absence of solvent. 

The Indian folk medicine, called Ayurvedic medicine, can be traced back 3000-5000 years and was practiced by the Brahmin sages of ancient times. The treatments were set out in sacred writings called Vedas. The material medica are extensive and most are based on herbal formulations. Some of the herbs have appeared in Western medicines, such as cardamom and cinnamon. Susruta, a physician in the fourth century ad, described the use of henbane as antivenom for snakebites. 

Uses. Cinnamic alcohol is valuable in perfumery for its odor and fixative properties. It is a component of many flower compositions (lilac, hyacinth, and lily of the valley) and is a starting material for cinnamyl esters, several of which are valuable fragrance materials. In aromas, the alcohol is used for cinnamon notes and for rounding off fruit aromas. It is used as an intermediate in many syntheses (e.g., for pharmaceuticals such as the antibiotic Chloromycetin). 

The main component of cinnamon leaf oil is eugenol (70 83%) [352 354b]. The oil is used as such in spicy oriental perfumes, for flavoring sweets, alcoholic beverages or as a source of high-grade eugenol. 

A recent survey about essential oils and their pure constituents used to control Varroa jacobsoni, contained three interesting tables that reported the toxicity of essential oils for V. jacobsoni and Apis mellifera after 24, 48 and 72 hours in a topical application and in an evaporation test, and the effects of essential oils on behavior and reproduction of V jacobsoni and on the bee brood [63]. The most interesting oils were those of cinnamon and clove, with 100% mite mortality after 24 h and no significant toxicity on honey bees. Furthermore, clove essential oil produced small brood mortality, and it was an inhibitor of mite reproduction. Other effective oils were anise, fennel, lavender, rosemary and wintergreen, which killed 100% mites after 48-72 hours. On the contrary, the oils obtained from garlic, onion, oregano and thyme, were found to be very toxic for honey bees. Among pure constituents, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate and pinene resulted small brood mortality and inhibited mite reproduction. 

Cikalo et al used TLC to establish the origins of cinnamons of commerce. Six different solvent systems were used in conjunction with silica plates to separate eugenol, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamyl acetate, frans-cinnamil-aldehyde, 2-methoxy-cinnamylaldehyde, and coumarin [21]. 

Opium eating was the phrase generally used throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century that actually referred to laudanum drinking. Laudanum (from the Latin, something to be praised ) of this period often contained 2 ounces of strained opium, 1 ounce of saffron, and a dram of cinnamon and cloves dissolved in 1 pint of Canary wine and was the recipe of a seventeenth-century English physician, Thomas Sydenham. A dose of this concoction produced a panacea... for all human woes,... equipoise to all the faculties and could be ordered by mail from Sears, Roebuck, for 4 a pint. It has been estimated that no less than 1 percent of the population was addicted to opium at the time. 

Castoreum is of particular importance in Shalimar, forming the basis of the leather aspect of the perfume, which may be further developed by the use of a leather base, such as a classic Cuir de Russie. The same idea was used by Guerlain in Mitsouko, one of the earliest of the chypre perfumes to contain also a fruity note based on aldehyde C14 (undecalactone). Cinnamon bark oil, which forms part of the spicy aspect of the perfume, fits in perfectly with the leather. Other spices that work well are coriander, nutmeg, and clove. 

The cinnamon of commerce is the dried inner bark of the tree, C. vemm. ft is an essential item in curry powders and masalas. The bark oil, bark oleoresin and leaf oil are important value-added products from cinnamon. Bark oil is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Cinnamon leaf oil is cheaper than bark oil and is used in the flavour industry. Cinnamon oleoresin, obtained by solvent extraction of the bark, is used mainly for flavouring food products such as cakes and confectionary. As in the case of cinnamon, the volatile oil and oleoresin from cassia are also used extensively in flavouring, especially soft drinks and other beverages. 

For many centuries, cinnamon and its essential oil have been used as preservatives in food, due to the antioxidant property of cinnamon. Deterioration of food is due to lipid peroxidation. In vivo lipid peroxidation causes tissue damage, which can lead to inflammatory diseases. Phenolic compounds, such as hydroxy cinnamalde-hyde and hydroxycinnamic acid, present... 

Changes in dietary habits and the internationalization of foods have led to the increasingly frequent use of spices. Children with allergy symptoms to spices were evaluated, by prick tests using the basic foodstuff, crushed or diluted in saline, for aniseed, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, curry, fennel, nutmeg, paprika, sesame and vanilla labial and/or challenge tests were performed for... 

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