User interface interpreter

The User Interface Interpreter is a module that is able to interpret the XML definition file created by the UID. The generation of the forms leads to a consistency check of the field entries before the data are accepted. 

Although the user interface just acts as the messenger for the interpreter, sound and logical design of the interface is crucial in giving the user confidence in the system. The user interface employs a conversational format, so the interpreter and user interface must between them have some knowledge about how information should be presented to humans. In the most effective expert systems, the interactions between software and user take into account the level of expertise of the user. 

The user interface, the interpreter, and the inference engine together comprise the ES shell or a skeletal system. As these components are largely independent of the specific application, all that is needed to create a working ES from the shell is to feed it with rules and facts. 

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture (or some variant) is commonly used in the design of user interfaces. A user-interface element is associated with a single model—the object that acts as the source of the information presented, and the recipient of user requests. Each element is designed as a pair of a view, which deals with the presentation aspects of information from the model and a controller, which is responsible for interpreting user inputs and gestures for the view and the model. The view and controller roles are combined into a single object in some variants. 

The core of the current version of Candid is implemented in standard Fortran-77 and has been built upon the data structures and into the framework of the user interface of the program Dyana. The standard schedule and parameters for a complete automated structure determination with Candid and Dyana are specified in a script written in the interpreted command language Inclan that gives the user high flexibility in the way automated structure determination is performed without the need to modify the compiled core part of Candid [26]. 

Such systems are an enhancement to various data managanent systems, like LIMS and ELNs. An input certification systan usually does not (1) replace any existing LIMS or quality control system functionality that goes beyond the requirements of calculation, certification, and exception handling of direct inputs (2) create any representation of data beyond textual or tabulated or graphical result entries or (3) contain any third-party calculation or data interpretation. However, such systems may include additional functionality that even makes the development of user interfaces unnecessary automatic form creation. Figure 8.7 shows the outline of the system described in the following. 

With the data transformation, the transformation software interprets the interaction instructions of the user and passes the input commands to the simulation control, where the real-time orientated computation of the virtual environment occurs. Additiontilly, the data representing the virtual environment are reconverted by the transformation softwetfe into appropriate interface signtils tmd presented as simrrlation orrtput. Thus, the data transformation primarily functions to transfer data between the user interfaces and the simrrlation control. 

A common example of an input interface interpretation error occurs with many word processors where the user may think they are in insert mode but instead they... 

The user interface of the HTSS system is controlled by a graphic-oriented interpreter language. This enables the user to customise the HTSS menu and to introduce new commands. 

Computer graphic techniques provide important tools for scenario visualization, environment development for simulation interpretation and to create a friendly user interface. This work shows how computer graphic tools can be used to provide an ambient for decision support the scenario with the scientific visualization of simulations associated to maps or aerial photography. 

A solution to the interface and schema-deficiency problems described above is to integrate a hypertext-based user interface and online help system with the expert system. The interface and help system facilitate access to the information and provide the declarative knowledge needed to make decisions and interpret the results of the consultation. 

Human-machine interaction A human-machine interaction needs to understand and interpret human actions. Information on people s activities is particularly important in understanding intentions and purposes. For example, researchers have proposed vision-based activity recognition to develop alternatives to the traditional mouse-and-keyboard-controUed graphical user interface (GUI). 

Methods require manual intervention. Because of limitations such as poor scoring functions and primitive user interfaces, all methods require a significant amount [Pg.54]

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