United States Census Bureau data

The United States Census Bureau tracks our so-called vital statistics, which include life expectancies and rates and causes of death. Because this data is compiled by census and not for purposes of proving or disproving arguments specifically relating to chemical residues, it should provide us with an unbiased perspective on the health status of the United States. The annual compilation of these statistics will be the primary source of my data. They are readily accessible to anyone who looks (www.census.gov/statab). Let s go to the source. Table 4.1 is an abstract of the life-expectancy data from 1970 projected through the year 2010. In other words, for a baby born in the tabulated year, this is how long he or she is expected to live based on past life expectancies. 

Wayne B. Gray is Professor of Economics at Clark University, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research and Coordinator of the Boston Research Data Center of the United States Census Bureau. Gray s research focuses on the consequences of environmental regulation for productivity and risk management. He received an A.B. from Dartmouth College, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University. 

Data on the characteristics of cities with populations greater than 30,000 are from United States Census Bureau (1903). Data on the use of lead service lines and the ownership regimes governing local water systems are from Baker (1897). 

Statistical Abstract of the United States the National Data Book, 121st edition, 2001, Washington, DC U.S. Census Bureau. 

In 1972, 5.68 million kg of methyl parathion were exported from the United States (HSDB 1999). Exports dropped to 3.01 million kg in 1984 (Bureau of the Census 1984). However, in 1985, exports inereased to 4.14 million kg (Bureau of the Census 1986). No reeent import/export data addressing methyl parathion are available. 

USDOC. 1994. U. S. Merchandise Import/Export, Commodity by Country. National Trade Data Bank. June 29,1994. United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 

Bureau of the Census. 1985. National data book and guide to sources Statistical abstract of the United States 1985. U.S. Bureau of the Census,Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. 

Figure 1. Age-adjusted cancer death rates for selected sites, males, United States, 1930 to 1978. Standardized on the age distribution of the 1970 U.S. census population. Sources of data National Vital Statistics Division and U.S. Bureau of the Census. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 70. Copyright 1982, American...

Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States 1789-1945, 1949. Supplement and historical summary of Statistical Abstract of the United States. Continuation data, 1946 to date, given in appendices of Statistical Abstract of the United States. ... 

U.S. Government data on domestic R D expenditures by industry are available from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Survey of Industrial Research and Development conducted routinely since 1956. Each firm in the sample is classified by a three-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code.2The U.S. Census Bureau on behalf of NSF collects data on total companywide domestic R D expenditures. The estimates for drug companies (SIC 283) include all R D conducted in the United States in company-owned and -operated facilities. Unfortunately, nonpharmaceutical R D may be included in the estimates. 

Analysis of air-lead levels and crime rates in all counties in the contiguous 48 states in the United States, using data from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Census Bureau, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shows that air-lead levels have a direct relation to property and violent crime rates.94... 

Population data are often incomplete and not always found locally at a level of detail to accurately estimate the risk along a transportation route. If this is the case, there are several sources that may provide valuable iirformation. In the United States, data can be obtained from the Census Bureau in varying degrees of detail. This type of information is also available internationally. Data are required on the presence and location of people surrounding the transportation route in order to calculate the possible number of impacts (e.g., potential fatality, injury, or evacuation levels). 

Because of the estimating procedure the National Safety Council statistics may undercount U.S. workplace fatalities. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has also calculated worlq>lace fatality rates since the late 1930s but the scope of their survey has changed so dramatically that one cannot use the BLS data to identify a time trend. Nevertheless, the BLS s most recent data collection effort creates the most reliable source of information on fatal workplace accidents in the United States. 1 The BLS conducted a census of fatal occupational injuries for 1992 using data from death certificates, workers compensation claims, medical examiners records, autopsy reports, motor vehicle accident records, and OSH A and Mine Safety and Health Administration fatal injury reports. The BLS estimated Ae average worker in the United... 

A comprehensive source for data concerning occupational fatalities is maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The CFOI is an official, systematic, verifiable count of fatal occupational injuries that occur during the year (Bureau of Labor Statistics 1997). It has been adopted by the National Safety Council and other organizations as the authoritative source for a count of fatal work injuries in the United States. 

European figures were calculated from data in Mitchell, B. R. 1981. European Historical Statistics. New York Facts on File, pp. 207-281 U.S. data are from U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Historical Statistics of the United States Colonial Times to 1970. Washington, D.C. GPO, pp. 510-512. 

---