United Nations : Framework Convention on Climate

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol of 1997, United Nations 1997, N.Y. 

Howes, R. and Famberg, A. eds. (1991). The Energy Sourcebook. New York American Institute of Physics. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (1997). Kyoto Protocol. New York United Nations. 

UNFCCC (1997) Kyoto protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change. Document FCCC/CP/1997/7/ Add 1, http //www.unfccc.de Van Cleve K, Powers RF (1995) Soil carbon, soil formation, and ecosystem development. In McFee WW, Kelly JM (eds) Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 155-200 Wedin TA, Tieszen LL, Dewey B, Pastor J (1995) Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation. Ecology 76 1383-1392... 

Harvey, L.D.D., Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration, implications for compliance with the United National framework convention on climate change, Climate Change, 63(3), 259,2004. 

Wallace, D., Capture and Storage of C02—What Needs to Be Done, Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Parties, COP 6, to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, The Hague, The Netherlands, November 13-24,2000, www.iea.org/envissu/index.htm, 2000. 

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, as such, have not foreseen C02 capture and storage as a means of emissions reduction. The UNFCCC defined emissions as, The release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere, (Article 1(4), UNFCCC, 1992). Consequently, C02 captured at source and stored outside the atmosphere is not an emission according to the definition in the Convention. Since industrial activity with CCS (and a theoretical 100% capture rate) does not create emissions according to the UNFCCC definition, one could interpret the action of C02 capture and storage as an emission reduction. Purdy and Macrory (2004) point out that this... 

The fourth International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization (ICCDU IV) is very timely. Governments from around the world will meet in Kyoto in December 1997 to agree on a new Protocol or Another Legal Instrument o the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The conference provides a very valuable opportunity to take stock of activities in a potentially important area of climate change responses - CO utilization. 

Ireland s National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) was first published in October 2000, in advance of the seventh conference of the Parties (COP7) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at Marrakech. While this strategy contained references to the Protocol s flexible mechanisms and a commitment to develop a carbon tax by 2002, it focused on identifying actual measures to reduce emissions in each sector without identifying the policies to be used to ensure that such measures were taken. 

As all the other continental new Member States of the EU,1 Hungary is a country that is undergoing the process of transition to a market economy according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), and shares most of their characteristics with respect to climate policy. 

The Czech Republic is a signatory to both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol (signed on 23 November 1998 and ratified on 15 November 2001, respectively). 

The protection of the world climate or components thereof has become the object of international agreements since the end of the seventies. The most important agreements to that extent are the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1979 and its Protocols, as well as the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985 and its Protocol (Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987). However, only the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 (Framework Convention) together with the Kyoto Protocol represent a comprehensive approach to international protection of the climate. 

There are some differences between this list and the original list of countries in the Framework Convention on Climate Change. For details see Clare Breidenich/Daniel Magraw/Anne Rowley/James W. Rubin, The Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, AJIL 92 (1998), 315, at 320. 

See in particular Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change On the Road Towards Sustainable Development. R. Wolfrum, Ed., Enforcing Environmental Standards Economic Mechanisms as Viable Means 1996,285-298. 

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