Unit-specific time events

Giobai time interval Global time points Unit-specific time event Time slots Precedence-based... 

All data recorded in the data base have been acquired from plant records. Statistical reductions of data for generation of reports or specific end use are available. Data are currently collected from four operating plants (eight units). Time clocks have been installed on components, to record actual exposure time. Event data are available on a broad variety of safety and commercial grade components including pumps, valves, transformers, diesels, filters, tanks (vessels), and heat exchangers. 

Enhanced continuous-time unit-specific event-based formulation for short-term scheduling of multipurpose batch processes Resource constraints and mixed storage policies. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 2516-2533. 

The consequences of the propulsion function loss by a ship are events classified by the International Maritime Organization as casualties or as incidents (IMO 1997). The probabilities of occurrence of the former events in a specific time unit constitute the propulsion risk ofa ship (PR). 

In one plant, revised technical specifications, which were to be approved, include unit fallback times for combinations of unavailability of vital equipment. The fallback times are based on results of probabilistic safety assessments. In the event of a simultaneous unavailability of vital equipment, a decision tree guides the operators to easily determine the unit fallback time that results from the combination of two or more items of equipment being unavailable. This approach maintains the defence in-depth principle by prescribing more conservative limits for multiple unavailabilities. 

This layer is then analysed directly by internal reflectance infra-red spectroscopy. Since there is no handling of the sample, contamination is reduced to a minimum. However, only infra-red spectral analysis is possible with this system since the material absorbed on the germanium prism is always a mixture of compounds, and since the spectrophotometer used for the production of the spectra is not a high-precision unit, the information coming from this technique is limited. While identification of specific compounds is not usually possible, changes in spectra, which can be related to the time of day, season, or to singular events, can be observed. 

There should be consistency between the possible adverse events described for the study drug in the protocol, investigator s brochure and ICF. Most coimtries have specific requirements for their ICF. It is essential that the requirements are known when the country-specific ICF is prepared. These examples could easily have changed by the time the reader is checking an ICF. In the United Kingdom, reference should be made to the ABPI (Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry) Clinical Trial Compensation Guidelines. In other countries, for example, Ireland, the study subject is allowed a specific length of time to decide whether to enter the study. 

The first factor, kd, mimics the conventional dissolution rate constant it is inherent for every drug and takes values in the range 0 < kdi < 1. A value close to unity denotes a drug with rapid dissolution characteristics. Thus, a specific kdi value is conceived for a given drug under certain experimental conditions. As a probability value, kd corresponds to pd and it expresses the number of events occurring in a time unit. Consequently, kd has dimension of time-1. 

The current burst model is potentially powerful in providing explanations for many mechanistic and morphological aspects involved in the formation of PS. However, as recognized by Foil et al. themselves, it would be extremely difficult for such a unified model to be expressed in mathematical form because it has to include all of the conditional parameters and account for all of the observed phenomena. Fundamentally, all electrochemical behavior is in nature the statistical averages of the numerous stochastic events at a microscopic scale and could in theory be described by the oscillation of the reactions on some microscopic reaction units which are temporally and spatially distributed. Ideally, a single surface atom would be the smallest dimension of such a unit and the integration of the contribution of all of the atoms in time and space would then determine a specific phenomenon. In reality, it is not possible because one does not know with any certainty the reactivity functions of each individual atoms. The difficulty for the current burst model would be the establishment of the reactivity functions of the individual reaction units. Also, some of the assumptions used in this model are questionable. For example, there is no physical and chemical foundation for the assumption that the oxide covering the reaction unit is... 

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