Union Carbide Ketones

Flash Point, Electrical Odor Detection Title III listed CAS 

Tag Closed Resistance °, Threshold Haiordous Air Registration Cup, °F Megohms ED50, ppm Pollutant Number 

Photociiemlcally Reactive — volume percent without requiring emission control. 

Ketone CcUukwe Acetate. 41% Acetyl Cellulose Acetate Butyrate. ethyl Celiukwe. 47.49% ethoxy Poly- styrene my (methyl Meth- acrylate) UCAR Sotutton vinyl ResiB VYHH PWy vinyl Acetntn AVAT 

Mixture at20/20 C c c Azeotrope Upper Layer Lower Layer at20 C or Layers 

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The one-step route from 2-propanol coproduces diisobutyl ketone and acetone, and is practiced in the United States by Union Carbide (61). The details of a vapor-phase 2-propanol dehydrogenation and condensation process for the production of acetone, MIBK, and higher ketones have been described in recent patents (62,63). The process converts an a2eotropic 2-propanol—water feed over a copper-based catalyst at 220°C and produces a product mixture containing 2-propanol (11.4%), acetone (52.4%), MIBK (21.6%), diisobutyl ketone (6.5%), and 4-methyl-2-pentanol (2.2%). 

DIBK can be produced by the hydrogenation of phorone which, in turn, is produced by the acid-catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone. It is also a by-product in the manufacture of methyl isobutyl ketone. Diisobutyl ketone ( 1.37/kg, October 1994) is produced in the United States by Union Carbide (Institute, West Virginia) and Eastman (Kingsport, Teimessee) (47), and is mainly used as a coating solvent. Catalytic hydrogenation of diisobutyl ketone produces the alcohol 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol [108-82-7]. 

Isobutyraldehyde is commonly available as a by-product of propylene/Oxo hydroformylation. Methyl isoamyl ketone is used as a solvent for ceUulose esters, acryHcs, and vinyl polymers. It is available in the United States from Eastman (Kingsport, Tennessee) (47) and Union Carbide (South Charleston, West Virginia) and was priced at 1.42/kg in October 1994. 

A three-step process involving the oxidation of acetophenone, hydrogenation of the ketone to a-phenylethanol, and dehydration of the alcohol to styrene was practiced commercially by Union Carbide (59) until the early 1960s. Other technologies considered during the infancy of the styrene industry include side-chain chlorination of ethylbenzene followed by dehydrochlotination or followed by hydrolysis and dehydration. 

Random copolymers of vinyl chloride and other monomers are important commercially. Most of these materials are produced by suspension or emulsion polymerization using free-radical initiators. Important producers for vinyl chloride—vinyUdene chloride copolymers include Borden, Inc. and Dow. These copolymers are used in specialized coatings appHcations because of their enhanced solubiUty and as extender resins in plastisols where rapid fusion is required (72). Another important class of materials are the vinyl chloride—vinyl acetate copolymers. Principal producers include Borden Chemicals Plastics, B. F. Goodrich Chemical, and Union Carbide. The copolymerization of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate yields a material with improved processabihty compared with vinyl chloride homopolymer. However, the physical and chemical properties of the copolymers are different from those of the homopolymer PVC. Generally, as the vinyl acetate content increases, the resin solubiUty in ketone and ester solvents and its susceptibiUty to chemical attack increase, the resin viscosity and heat distortion temperature decrease, and the tensile strength and flexibiUty increase slightly. 

Union Carbide. 1968. Ketones booklet F-419771. Union Carbide Corporation. New York, NY, 21 pages. 

Ketones, Product Bulletin of Union Carbide Corporation... 

Lashley ER Jr. 1975. Detoxification of aldehydes and ketones. U.S. Publ. Pat Appl. B patent No. 367739 01/28/75 (Union Carbide Corp.)... 

One approach to increasing CO2 solvent strength relies on the fact that most volatile materials (such as alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons) are soluble in supercritical and near-critical CO2. This allows the employment of a wide range of cosolvents to enhance the C02 s solvation properties. The use of such cosolvent-modified CO2 as a solvent medium is most recognized in the Unicarb spray-coating process commercialized by Union Carbide (now with Dow Chemical, Midland, MI) in the early 1990s. In this process, the majority of traditional solvents used in the spray coatings are replaced by supercritical CO2. This process has been implemented in automotive and furniture industries. 

Most of the methyl ethyl ketone (d ° 0.805t3 mp —819 0, bpt013 = 79.6°Q manufactured worldwide is produced by the dehydrogenation of secondary butanol Smaller quantities me obtained as a by-product of the oxidation of a-butane to acetic add. This is the case in the United States of Celanese in its Pampa, Texas, plant (40,000 t/year) and of Union Carbide in Brownsville, Texas (35,000 t/year). Plants of this type built in Western Europe have been shut down, including the Kooas plant in the Netherlands (20.000 year at Europoort) which was closed in 1979. 

Carbamoyl oximes, formed by the reaction of aldehyde and ketone oximes with isocyanates, have been known since the end of the last century (Goldschmidt, 1889). The pioneer work in the field of their use as insecticides is due to the research group of the Union Carbide Corp., Payne and co-workers (Payne and Weiden, 1962 Weiden et. al., 1965 Payne et al., 1966). 

AI3-24337 DEK Diethyl ketone Diethylcetone Dimethylacetone EINECS 202-490-3 Ethyl ketone Ethyl propionyl HSDB 5301 Metacetone Methacetone NSC 8653 Pentanone-3 Propione UN1156. Used in pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing. Clear mobile liquid mp = -39° bp = 101.9° soluble In H2O (4 g/100 ml), EtOH, Et20, CCI4 LDso (rat orl) = 2100 mg/kg. BASF Corp. Janssen Chimica Penta Mfg. Union Carbide Corp. 

Beilstein Handbook Referenoe) AI3-01230 Amyl-methyl-cetone Amyt methyl ketone BRN 1699063 Butylacetone EINECS 203-767-1 FEMA Number 2544 2-Heptanone HSDB 1122 Ketone C-7 Ketone, methyl pentyl MAK Methyl-amyl-cetone Methyl amyl ketone Methyl-n-amyl ketone Methyl n-pentyl ketone Methyl pentyl ketone NSC 7313 Pentyl methyl ketone UN1110. Industrial solvent for nitrooellulose laoquers, synthetic flavoring and perfumery. Liquid mp = -35° bp = 151.0° d = 0.8111 Am = 274 nm (s = 22, MeOH) soluble in EtOH, Et20, very soluble in H2O LDso (rat orl) = 1670 mg/kg. Ashland Eastman Chem. Co. Union Carbide Corp. 

Polysulfones were developed by Union Carbide in the 1960s. These polymers have a high thermal stability due to the bulky side groups (therefore, they are amorphous) and rigid main backbone chains. They are also highly stable to most chemicals but are not so stable in the presence of polar organic solvents such as ketones and chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

Union Carbide s nucleophilic displacement reaction has proven to be the process of choice for polyarylethersulfones and ketones as opposed to Friedel-Crafts processes originally utilized by ICl, 3M, duPont, and Raychem. 

Acetic acid is a cosssodity chemical produced by Union Carbide Corporation via the liquid phase oxidation of butane. While acetic acid is the principal product, methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate are valuable by-products. Large scale gas-liquid reactors are used to practice this technology. In general the plant reactor performance was inferior in both productivity and selectivity when contrasted to pilot unit scale reactors carrying out the same reaction under equivalent conditions. 

The industrially available ketones offer a wide range of evaporation rates for the various coating applications. A solvent with excellent solvency and a fast, intermediate or slow evaporation rate for a particular coating application is available in the commercially produced ketones. Major producers of the ketones include Eastman Chemical Company, Exxon Chemical Company, Hoechst Celanese Company, Shell Chemical Company, and Union Carbide Corporation. BASF Corporation produces the cyclic ketone cyclohexanone. Acetone the lowest boiling-point ketone is produced by The Dow Chemical Company, Exxon Chemical Company, and Texaco Chemical Company. 

Polysiloxane was synthesized by Kipping in the early 1900s. Since he believed that these polymers were ketones, he called them silicones. While he was pessimistic about their commercial use, these water- and temperature-resistant coatings were commercialized in the 1930s by Rochow of General Electric Company, McGregor of Union Carbide, and Bass of Dow Coming. 

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