Ketones boiling points

The industrially available ketones offer a wide range of evaporation rates for the various coating applications. A solvent with excellent solvency and a fast, intermediate or slow evaporation rate for a particular coating application is available in the commercially produced ketones. Major producers of the ketones include Eastman Chemical Company, Exxon Chemical Company, Hoechst Celanese Company, Shell Chemical Company, and Union Carbide Corporation. BASF Corporation produces the cyclic ketone cyclohexanone. Acetone the lowest boiling-point ketone is produced by The Dow Chemical Company, Exxon Chemical Company, and Texaco Chemical Company. 

Aromatic ketones usually have relatively high boiling points, but distil with little or no decomposition. Many are solids. The vapours generally burn with a smoky flame. They react with the 2 4-dinitrophenyll hydrazine reagent (Section 111,74,/) or with the phenylhydrazine reagent... 

The polyhydric alcohols of Solubility Group II are liquids of relatively high boiling point and may be detected inter alia by the reactions already described for Alcohols (see 6). Compounds containing two hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms (1 2-glyeols), a-hydroxy aldehydes and ketones, and 1 2-diketones may be identified by the periodic acid test, given in reaction 9. 

Physical constants such as melting point boiling point and solubility in water are collected for a variety of aldehydes and ketones in Appendix 1... 

In general aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than alkenes because they are more polar and the dipole-dipole attractive forces between molecules are stronger But they have lower boiling points than alcohols because unlike alcohols two carbonyl groups can t form hydrogen bonds to each other... 

Aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons but have lower boiling points than alcohols... 

Hydrogen bonding m carboxylic acids raises their melting points and boiling points above those of comparably constituted alkanes alcohols aldehydes and ketones... 

CycloaHphatic ketones ate colorless Hquids with boiling points that increase regularly with increasing molecular weight. Virtually all members of the series exhibit a characteristic odor depending on the ring size (337). Physical properties are given in Table 15. 

Polymerization Solvent. Sulfolane can be used alone or in combination with a cosolvent as a polymerization solvent for polyureas, polysulfones, polysUoxanes, polyether polyols, polybenzimidazoles, polyphenylene ethers, poly(l,4-benzamide) (poly(imino-l,4-phenylenecarbonyl)), sUylated poly(amides), poly(arylene ether ketones), polythioamides, and poly(vinylnaphthalene/fumaronitrile) initiated by laser (134—144). Advantages of using sulfolane as a polymerization solvent include increased polymerization rate, ease of polymer purification, better solubilizing characteristics, and improved thermal stabUity. The increased polymerization rate has been attributed not only to an increase in the reaction temperature because of the higher boiling point of sulfolane, but also to a decrease in the activation energy of polymerization as a result of the contribution from the sulfonic group of the solvent. 

Aldehydes and Ketones — These share many chemical properties because they possess the carbonyl (C=0) group as a common feature of their structure. Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points and higher vapor pressures than their alcohol counterparts. Aldehydes and ketones through C< are soluble in water and have pronounced odors. Ketones are relatively inert while aldehydes are easily oxidized to their counterpart organic acids. 

If 2-n-propyl-3-methyl-3-isobutyloxaziranc is allowed to boil under nitrogen, the boiling point is lowered to 128°C from the initial 168°C within 2 hr. Methyl isobutyl ketone (0.92 mole), ammonia (0.32 mole), and a little amide (0.04 mole) are formed [Eq. (29)]. ... 

Acetic ester, boiling-point Boiling-point of ketone formed Melting-point , ... 

Although the odour of the pseudo-ionone does not appear to render it of great importance for its direct use in perfumery, it is capable of serving as raw material lor the production of perfumes, the pseudo-ionone being converted by the action of dilute acids into an isomeric ketone, which I term lonone, and which has most valuable properties for perfumery purposes. This conversion may be effected, for example, by heating for several hours in an oil-bath 20 parts of pseudo-ionone with 100 parts of water, 2-5 parts of sulphuric acid, and 100 parts of glycerine, to the boiling-point of the mixture. 

Analysis shows that this oil consists of several ketones of the groups CuH qO of higher boiling-points and greater density than those of ionone. These ketones are optically active, and both their existence and their artificial production have been hitherto unknown. 

Ethyl Propianyl-Pyruvate 36 grams of methyl ethyl ketone and 73 grams of ethyl oxalate are condensed in the presence of sodium ethylate, the reaction mixture being refluxed in an alcoholic medium. 28 grams of the desired product having a boiling point of 100° to 105°C/6 mm are obtained. 

A) Ethyl Butyryl-Pyruvate 146 grams of ethyl oxalate are condensed with 86 grams of methyl-(n)-propyl-ketOne in the presence of sodium ethylate prepared from 25 grams of sodium. 135 grams of product, having a boiling point of 1l3°C/6 mm, are obtained. 

Methyl ethyl ketone MEK (2-butanone) is a colorless liquid similar to acetone, but its boiling point is higher (79.5°C). The production of MEK from n-butenes is a liquid-phase oxidation process similar to that used to... 

An example of how the table is used To separate an alcohol and a ketone with the same boiling point, pick a stationary phase with a high Z value with respect to the Y value, then the ketone should elute after the alcohol (e.g., DB-210, where Z = 358 and Y - 238). tSee Appendix 5 text for values of X . Y Z, U and S. ... 

---