Secondary butanols

Tessag Edeleanu GmbH Butanol, secondary Normal butenes rich C4 cut and water Catalytic direct hydration. Catalyst is cation exchange resin 3 1995... 

METHYL-2-BUTANOL(SECONDARY ISOAMYL ALCOHOL) (582-75-4) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 95°F/35°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Reacts violently with aliphatic amines, alkalis, ammonium persulfate, boranes, bromine dioxide, isocyanates, nitric acid, perchlorates, permanganates, peroxides, sodium peroxide, sulfuric acid, uranium fluoride. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

SYNONYMS (Primary) fermentation amyl alcohol, isobutylcarbinol, isopentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-l-butanol, primary isoamyl alcohol (Secondary) 3-methyl-2-butanol, secondary isoamyl alcohol. 

Synonyms/Trade Names 3-Methyl-2-butanol, Secondary isoamyl alcohol ... 

Secondary ammonium phosphate. See Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Secondary butyi aicohoi. See 2-Butanol Secondary calcium phosphate. See Calcium phosphate dibasic... 

BUTANOL. PRIMARY BUTANOL. SECONDARY BUTYL ACETATE BUTYNE DIOL BUTYRIC ACID CARBON BISULFIDE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CHLORINE (DRY) CHLORINE. GAS CHLORINE GAS (WET) CHLOROBENZENE CHLOROFORM CHROMIC ACID. 10% CHROMIC ACID. 50% CRESOL... 

Secondary butyl alcohol, methylethyl car-binol, 2-butanol, CH3CH2CH(Me)OH. B.p. I00°C. Manufactured from the butane-butene fraction of the gas from the cracking of petroleum. Used to prepare butanone. 

Acetylene is also protected as propargyl alcohol (300)[2H], which is depro-tected by hydrolysis with a base, or oxidation with MnOi and alkaline hydrolysis. Sometimes, propargyl alcohols are isomerized to enals. Propargyl alcohol (300) reacts with 3-chloropyridazine (301) and EtiNH to give 3-diethylami-noindolizine (303) in one step via the enal 302[2I2]. Similarly, propargyl alcohol reacts with 2-halopyridines and secondary amines. 2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (304) is another masked acetylene, and is unmasked by treatment with KOH or NaOH in butanol[205,206,213-2l5] or in situ with a phase-transfer cata-lyst[2l6]. 

FIGURE 5 7 The first formed carbocation from 3 3 dimethyl 2 butanol is secondary and rearranges to a more stable tertiary carbocation by a methyl migration The major portion of the alkene products is formed by way of the tertiary carbocation... 

Additional evidence for carbocation intermediates in certain nucleophilic substitutions comes from observing rearrangements of the kind normally associated with such species For example hydrolysis of the secondary alkyl bromide 2 bromo 3 methylbutane yields the rearranged tertiary alcohol 2 methyl 2 butanol as the only substitution product... 

Amyl alcohol describes any saturated aliphatic alcohol containing five carbon atoms. This class consists of three pentanols, four substituted butanols, and a disubstituted propanol, ie, eight stmctural isomers four primary, three secondary, and one tertiary alcohol. In addition, 2-pentanol,... 

Amination. Amyl alcohols can react with ammonia or alkylamines to form primary, secondary, or tertiary-substituted amines. Eor example, 3-methyl-butylamine [107-85-7] is produced by reductive ammonolysis of 3-methyl-1-butanol over a Ni catalyst at 150°C (59). Some diisoamyl- and triisoamyl amines are also formed in this reaction. Good selectivities (88%) of neopentyl amine [5813-64-9] are similarly produced by reductive ammonolysis of neopentyl alcohol (60). 

The C-5 alcohols are more toxic and narcotic than the lower homologues. Toxicity to rats from amyl alcohols decreases in the order tertiary, secondary, primary. Toxicity of 3-methyl-1-butanol appears to have been studied the most. This alcohol caused a slight increase in cancerous tumors compared to controls in two studies (137,138). The tumors were located primarily in the stomach and Hver. 

A water-reducible coating or resin is one that is diluted with water before use. Water-reducible alkyds give comparable drying performance to solvent-bome alkyds. However, they are not widely used because film properties tend to be poorer than those of solvent-bome alkyds, especially in air-dry systems (26). This is pardy because of alcoholysis of the alkyd by primary alcohols such as 1-butanol [71-36-3] C H qO, a common solvent in water-reducible alkyds (27,28) secondary alcohols such as 2-butanol [78-92-2] C qH O, minimize this problem (27). In any case, the slow loss of amine or ammonia leads to short-term high sensitivity to water. Even in the fully dry films, the presence of unreacted carboxyHc acid groups leads to films having comparatively poor water resistance limiting their usehilness. 

The solvent for ammonia may have an important influence. In reduction of C,o unsaturated dinitriles to primary amines over ruthenium-on-alumina, ammonia-/-butanol proved the preferred system normal alcohols gave poor rates and secondary alcohols produced N-alkylated products 18). 

We have studied the effect of monomer concentration in the dispersion polymerization of styrene carried out in alcohol-water mixtures as the dispersion media. We used AIBN and poly(acrylic acid) as the initiator and the stabilizer, respectively, and we tried isopropanol, 1-butanol, and 2-butanol as the alcohols [89]. The largest average particle size values were obtained with the highest monomer-dispersion medium volumetric ratios in 1-butanol-water medium having the alcohol-water volumetric ratio of 90 10. The SEM micrographs of these particles are given in Fig. 15. As seen here, a certain size distribution by the formation of small particles, possibly with a secondary nucleation, was observed in the poly-... 

For /-butyl peresters there is also a variation in efficiency in the series where R is primary secondary>tertiary. The efficiency of /-butyl peroxypentanoate in initiating high pressure ethylene polymerization is >90%, that of /-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate ca 60% and that of/-butyl peroxypivalate ca 40%.196 Inefficiency is due to cage reaction and the main cage process in the case where R is secondary or tertiary is disproportionation with /-butoxy radicals to form /-butanol and an olefin.196... 

Nitrobutano 1 Nitrats (Nitrobutylic Nitrate, 2-Nitro-butanol-(l)-nitrate). 02N.CH(C2H5).CH2(0N02), mw 164.12, N 17.07%, OB to C02 -68.2%, yellowish, somewhat vise liq, d 1.242g/cc at 15.5°, Prepd by Pauwels (Ref 2) by nitrating secondary nitro-normal bu-... 

Each R represents an organic group, such as methyl or ethyl. They need not all be the same. Ethanol is a primary alcohol and 2-butanol is a secondary alcohol. An example of a tertiary alcohol is 2-methyl-2-propanol, (CH3)3COH. 

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