Under-panels

Open pit test may be conducted in conjunction with panel and fragment velocity tests (Ref 2, pp4-6) (See Fig under Panel Test)... 

Fig. 4.9. The left-hand panels are identical with the left-hand panels of Fig. 4.6 where the pertinent parameters are given. They are to be compared with the right-hand panels, which were calculated under the same conditions but from the classical model (4.27) for the contact interaction. Equation (4.29) underlies panel (a)...

The JANAF Thermochemical Panel Membership, which consisted originally of approximately 15 individuals with special experience in the technological subject under panel purview, met at the Pentagon on 16 November 1959 at which time, plans for the thermochemical compilation project were reviewed and the project formally initiated. 

Sinee the early 1980s numerous applications have been developed, such as engine under-panels, battery trays, radiator support panels and seat backs. These are all unpainted, unseen parts, with PP as the polymer matrix. Figure 2.9 shows the radiator support panel in GMT-PP for the 1989 Corvette pictured in Fig. 2.6. GMT fabrication also lends itself to laminating with films or textile coverings. 

Correlations on paper panels are made easier if a type log has been creafed of a fypical and complete sequence of the area. If this log is available as a transparency, it can be easily compared against the underlying paper copy. Type logs are also handy if the reservoir development has to be documented in reports or presentations. 

As succeeding panels are laid-up, a stack of panels is formed. If the panels are to be cold-pressed, an uncommon procedure in modern manufacturing, the stack will be high enough to fit into the cold-press. The stack is roUed into the press, the press is closed under hydraulic pressure and the bonding pressure, 1035—1205 (ca 150—175 psi) is maintained for the time requited to form a bond. This time could vary from 30 to 120 minutes, depending on temperature and the adhesive formulation used. 

Secondary Treatments and Uses. Insulation boards normally have few secondary treatments. Some boards may receive a coating of primer and others may be laminated into panels of several thicknesses. Insulation boards are used for economical, insulative wall paneling, ceiling tiles, bulletin boards, and similar uses. Laminated panels are used for insulative panels, usually as roof decking or insulation under built-up roofing. 

Hydraulic and Heat-Transfer Fluids. HydrauHc fluids (qv) for high altitude supersonic aircraft and thermal exchange appHcations including solar panels employ fluids such as tetrakis(2-ethyIhexoxy)silane. These products have been marketed under the trade name Coolanol by Monsanto (see Heat-exchangetechnology). 

Action of Vacuum on Spacecraft Materials. For service beyond the atmosphere, the vacuum environment allows materials to evaporate or decompose under the action of various forces encountered (1,18,19). These forces include the photons from the sun, charged particles from solar wind, and dust. The action of space environment on materials and spacecraft can be simulated by a source—sink relationship in a vacuum environment. Thus, for example, the lifetime of a solar panel in space operation may be tested (see Photovoltaic cells). 

The decorative plastic laminates widely used for countertops and cabinets are based on melamine—formaldehyde resin (see Laminates). Several layers of phenohc-saturated kraft paper are placed in a press and a sheet of a-ceUulose paper printed with the desired design and impregnated with melamine—formaldehyde resin is placed over them. Then a clear a-ceUulose sheet, similarly impregnated with the resin, is placed on top to form a clear, protective surface over the decorative sheet. The assembly is cured under heat and pressure up to 138°C and 10 MPa (1450 psi). A similar process is used to make wall paneling, but because the surfaces need not be as resistant to abrasion and wear, laminates for wall panels are cured under lower pressure, about 2 MPa (290 psi). 

Electric Tracing An electric tracing system (see Fig. 10-178) consists of an electric heater placed against the pipe under the thermal insulation, the supply of electricity to the tracer, and any control or monitoring system that may be used (optional). The supply of electricity to the tracer usually consists of an electrical panel and electrical conduit or cable trays. Depending on the size or the tracing system and the capacity of the existing electrical system, an additional transformer may be required. 

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