Ultrathin deposition

Gardiner, E. "Cellulose Ester Blends, Ultrathin Deposits and Membranes" part of Ph.D. Thesis, Chem. Dept., State Unlv. of... 

J.E.T. Andersen and P.J. Mpller. Ultrathin Deposition of Copper on Room Temperature SrTiO3(100). Thin Solid Films 186 137 (1990). 

The above results demonstrate that ultrathin depositions of LC molecules similar to a 2D gas can be formed at the inner surfaces of Anopore membranes. Their orientational order parameter is rather large, negative, and changes gradually fi-om 5sat —0.14 for the case when the depositions coexist with bulk (saturated depositions) to S = —0.5 for extremely diluted depositions. The rather strong dependence of the orientational order parameter on the surface coverage and a surface diffusion with a rate similar to bulk LC indicate a collective, 2D liquid-like behavior. 

Porosified silicon membranes of defined thicknesses were first studied in the 1990s and have now been realized by electrochemical anodization, micromachining techniques, and the annealing of ultrathin deposited films. The three fabrication routes produce very different morphologies and levels of porosity. A variety of applications have been explored for both macroporous and mesoporous membranes and these are also surveyed. Wholly microporous membranes in silicon, where all pores have diameters less than 2 nm, have not been achieved to date. 

Infrared mapping experiments have been extremely valuable since their inception [457]. Applications include obviously any work where the solid sample is very small, as often occurs in identification of contaminants, surface defects, ultrathin deposits, particulates, fibres, fillers, glass fibres, polymer mi-... 

Ultrathin metallic, semiconductor, insulator, or organic overlayers can be deposited on SERS-active metal surfaces. 

Oriented ultrathin overgrowth of a polymer on a non-polymeric substrate is the latest combination of materials to show epitaxy. The most recent, remarkable form of this phenomenon is the formation of an array of parallel polymer chains on a substrate by depositing monomers and then polymerising them in situ. The Japanese discoverer of this phenomenon (Sano 1996) has called it polymerisation-induced... 

Yamamoto, T., Hyodo, H., Tsuchitani, S., and Kaneko, R., Ultrathin Amorphous Carbon Overcoats by Filtered Cathodic Arc Deposition, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 39, 2003, pp. 2201-2204. 

Ultrathin films of CdS ranging in coverage from 25 to 200 ML were grown also by the previous method on Au substrates (of non-specified nature) and were characterized by quantitative Raman resonance [41], It was found that the electronic structure of the films in this coverage regime corresponds to that of bulk CdS. It was concluded also that ECALE does not involve growth by random precipitation of CdS onto the Au surface the thin deposited layers of the material were contiguous. 

Fig. 1. Electron micrograph of ultrathin platinum film average platinum density 0.12 jug cm-2, deposited on mica in UHV at 275°C. Film catalyst used in reaction of n-hexane at 275°C before microscopic examination. Micrograph obtained by direct transmission through mica sliver. (X400,000).

Recently, ultrathin evaporated films have been used as models for dispersed supported metal catalysts, the main object being the preparation of a catalyst where surface cleanliness and crystallite size and structure could be better controlled than in conventional supported catalysts. In ultrathin films of this type, an average metal density on the substrate equivalent to >0.02 monolayers has been used. The apparatus for this technique is shown schematically in Fig. 8 (27). It was designed to permit use under UHV conditions, and to avoid depositing the working film on top of an outgassing film. ... 

Spin coating has been used to deposit ultrathin to relatively thick coatings on flat substrates for several decades. Various materials, including resin, epoxy,... 

Brennecka, G. Tuttle, B. 2007. Deposition of ultrathin film capacitors fabricated by chemical solution deposition. /. Mat. Res. 22 2868-2874. 

Tolstoi, V. P. 1993. Synthesis of ultrathin layers of Sn02nH20 on a silicon surface by ion layer deposition. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 38 1063-1065. 

Cecconi, T. Atrei, A. Bardi, U. Forni, F. Innocenti, M. Loglio F. Foresti M. Rovida G. 2001. X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) study of the atomic structure of the ultrathin CdS phase deposited on Ag(lll) by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE). J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 114-116 563-568. 

The developed sensor was used for ultrathin-film measurement. The reflection spectrum was shifted during the deposition of thin films (e.g., self-assembly of polyelectrolyte layers) onto the sensor end. The reflection between the thin film and the fiber endface was neglected because of their similar refractive indices. As the film increased its thickness, the length of the fiber cavity changed. The amount of change was estimated by the phase shift of the interferogram. The device could also be used as an immunosensor in which the optical thickness changes were used to... 

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