Types Improvisers

What follows is a distillation of this huge, time-consuming research project in which we searched most available literature, talked to dozens of the best survival-type improvised explosives experts, and built numerous prototypes. Some of the following inform ation is even contained In obscure military manuals. 

Extensional Viscosity. AH three types of extensional viscosity can be measured (101,103) uniaxial, biaxial, and pure shear. Only a few commercial instmments are available, however, and most measurements are made with improvised equipment. Extensional viscosity of polymer melts can be estimated from converging flow (entrance pressure) or from a melt strength drawdown test (208). 

A brief description of the insulating materials in use for different classes of insulation is given below to provide an introduction to the types of materials being used in the preparation of a particular class of insulation. The actual ingredients may be an improvised version of these materials, in view of continuous research and development in this field, to search for still better and more suitable materials. 

Good incendiaries can be improvised more easily than explosives and the materials are more easily obtained. On a pound for pound basis, incendiaries can do more damage than explosives against many type targets if properly used. There is a time lag, however, between the start of a fire and the destruction of the target. During this period the fire may be discovered and controlled or put out. An explosive once detonated has done its work. 

Some of the more common types of chemicals that could be used as improvised weapons against a community include (data from ATSDR [16] ... 

The nature of the explosive involved in a particular incident may be inferred from statements made by suspects or witnesses, from evidential material seized by investigators, or from chemical analysis. Expert scientific evidence about the fikely performance and effect of a suspect explosive will be needed to assist the relevant court in its deliberations. If the explosive is a well-known mifitary or commercial type then this is relatively straightforward. In the case of improvised or home-made explosives the issues can be more complex. This is particularly so where individuals have been experimenting with unusual chemicals. Unless the scientist has previous experience of the materials involved, the first step is fikely to be a search of the relevant literature [28-30]. 

Accdg to Ref 2, p 225, the Japanese Armed Forces developed both before and during WW11 a fairly extensive line of Grenades. This type of Ordnance primarily used by ground Forces was developed by the Army, but was also used by the Navy Ground Defense Units. Many Grenades were improvised and some of them, such... 

Improvised Land Mine consisted of a rectangular tin box with a cover fastened by friction tape. Two holes were roughly punctured in the cover thru which a grenade fuze or detonator projected. Contained in the box were one Type... 

Improvised Antitank Land Mine consisted of a wooden board serving as a base of Mod 99 Armor-Piercing Mine on top of which was placed 2 lbs prepd chge of PA. Two Hand Grenades were placed at both sides of AP Mine and the ensemble was covered with a board. Pressure on the board fired fuzes in grenades and this fired by sympathetic detonation AP Mine and prepd charge of PA (p 220, Fig 166, lower half) Type JE Antiboat Land Mine consisted of a hemispherical steel body 20.24" in diam ... 

If, instead, the group must assemble an improvised nuclear device, the group will need fissile materials, machining equipment, a simple weapon design, and a few technicians with the skills to work the nuclear material, fit the explosives, and assemble the device. As a result, a terrorist group will be most interested in nuclear materials. Type III technicians, and possibly weapons designers. 

As usual, though, the law is really pointless, since there are several Improvised types you can make yourself which work just fine. The handiest, least conspicuous, and most bust proof" Is an English style cap... 

Boil mixture over hot fire for at least 2 hours. Small grains of salt will begin to appear in the solution. Scoop these out as they form, using any type of improvised strainer (paper, etc.). 

IMPORTANT Fuse cord must be the type that burns completely. Fast burning improvised fuse cord (Section VI. No. 7) is suitable. Safety fuse is not satisfactory, since Us outer covering does not bum. 

Sometimes you may want to create a type of chart that is not "built in". With a little ingenuity you can create some useful charts. The example below illustrates how technical users can improvise to add more information to an XY plot in Excel. 

The demonstration kit devised for chemistry by NCERT can serve the purpose of demonstration kit for classes VH and VIII. It contains chemicals, glass apparatus etc. required for demonstration of various experiments. In it there is a total of 63 items of apparatus, 67 chemicals and it contains 12 types of containers. Apparatus stored in the kit is mostly improvised apparatus and the containers are bottles and ink phials. All the items of the kit are arranged in a suitable manner and are packed in a box made of wood. Such a box can be easily transported. This kit contains no liquid chemicals and these have to be arranged locally whenever the need arises. 

The most common way to contain oil on water is to use devices known as booms. Chapter 6 covers the types of booms, their construction, operation principle, and uses, as well as how and why they fail. It also covers ancillary equipment used with booms, sorbent booms, and special-purpose and improvised booms. 

The material stored in these kits is easily available in market and some of the items of these kits can be improvised or made in work shop by carpenters or black smiths. These kits are of three types ... 

To do the Hardware Store Nitro recipe, one starts with a glass container. It should preferably be made of Pyrex glass to withstand some heating, and it should have a smaller size opening so it can be stoppered to keep in fumes. A flask of any type will do, but if those are unavailable, one can improvise. 

Originally introduced for the identification of volatile compounds— a field in which it remains unsurpassed—it has now found much wider application 349, 350). Numerous systems, varying in support material, liquid phase, and type of detector, are in use. It differs from paper and thin-laj er chromatography in that the apparatus is costly and cannot be improvised. On the other hand it is in many instances considerably more sensitive. Fractions can be trapped and submitted to other analytical techniques, but the only direct information afforded is a retention time. 

A boobytrap is an explosive charge cunningly contrived to be fired by an unsuspecting person who disturbs an apparently harmless object or performs a presumad>ly safe act- Two types are in use —improvised and manufactured. Improvised boobytraps are assembled from specially provided material or constructe-3 from materials... 

Figure 7-87. Three types of 1-inch connections for thermowells installed on welding pipe elbows (a) regular pipe coupling that should not be used, (b) improvised connection made with a boss, (c) 6,000 lb. forged steel elbow adapter provides best thermowell connection at lowest installed cost.

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