Turbo IonSpray

MS condition — An API 4000 equipped with a Turbo Ionspray from Applied Biosystems was used as the mass detector and [M + NH4]+ was chosen as the precursor ion for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) due to the lack of protonated molecular ions. A transition of m/z 434.4 — 273.2 was chosen for paricalcitol and m/z 450.5 —> 379.2 was selected for the structure analog internal standard. 

MS condition — An API 3000 equipped with a Turbo Ionspray from Applied Biosystems was used as the mass detector. [M - II was chosen as the precursor ion for multiple reaction monitoring... 

Figure 5.6 Turbo-ionspray source. Reprinted with courtesy from Applied Biosystems MDS-Sciex.

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become one of the most important analytical tools employed in the analysis of pharmaceuticals. This can most likely be attributed to the availability of new instrumentation and ionization techniques that can be used to help solve difficult bioanalytical problems associated with this field (1-8). Perhaps the best illustration of this occurrence is the development of electrospray (ESI) and related atmospheric-pressure ionization (API) techniques, ion-spray (nebulizer-assisted API), turbo ionspray (thermally assisted API), and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI nebulization coupled with corona discharge), for use in drug disposition studies. The terms ESI and ionspray tend to be used interchangeably in the literature. For the purpose of this review, the term API will be used to describe both ESI and ionspray. In recent years there has been an unprecedented explosion in the use of instrumentation dedicated to API/MS (4,6,8-14). API-based ionization techniques have now become the method of choice for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites. This has made thermospray (TSP), the predominant LC/MS technique during the 1980s, obsolete (15). Numerous reports describing the utility of API/MS for pharmaceutical analysis have appeared in the literature over the last decade (7). The... 

Another benefit of nanoelectrospray from the ESI Chip is improved spray stability compared with Turbo IonSpray (TIS) when using selected reaction... 

Figure 3.12 Plot of SRM data points collected every 10 ms using Turbo IonSpray (TIS) and the ESI Chip for venlafaxine (SRM mjz 278.2 > mjz 58.1). A 5 pM venlafaxine solution at 5 pLmin-1 was mixed with 400 pL min-1 of 75% acetonitrile, 25% water and 0.2% formic acid. This solution was sprayed using TIS at 450 °C while monitoring the venlafaxine SRM from mjz 278.2 to mjz 58.1. A 5pM venlafaxine solution at 5pLmin 1 was mixed with 600 pL min 1 of 75% acetonitrile, 25% water and 0.2% formic acid. This solution was split to deliver 200 nLmin-1 to the ESI Chip while monitoring the venlafaxine SRM from mjz 278.2 to mjz 58.1. Data collected every 10ms result in a 15% RSD with TIS and 3.4% RSD with the ESI Chip.

Figure 3.13 Comparison of the LC-MS-MS analysis of alprazolam and d5-alprazolam using (A) Turbo IonSpray and (B) the ESI Chip with a 10 ms SRM dwell time. TIS conditions were 600 pL min-1 at a turbo gas temperature of 450 °C. For the ESI Chip, a 1000 1 post-column split was used to deliver 600 nL min-1 to the chip.

Riffel, K.A., Groff, M.A., Wenning, L., Song, H., Lo, M.W. (2005) Fully automated liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of a novel insuhn sensitizer in human plasma by heated nebulizer and turbo ionspray liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chroma-togr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.,819,293-300. 

Detector MS, PE Sciex API 365 triple stage quadrupole LC-MS-MS, PE Sciex Turbo Ion Spray interface, positive ion mode, needle voltage 5.2 kV, nebulizer gas air at 60 psi, curtain gas nitrogen at 40 psi, collision cell gas nitrogen at 40 psi, turbo ionspray heater 375°, heater gas flow 7 L/min... 

Detector MS, PE Sciex API 3000, turbo ionspray source, column effluent spht 1 1 before entering source... 

Detector MS, Sciex API 3000 turbo ionspray, electrospray, positive mode at 400, m/z 705 to 335, lonSpray 4600 V, declustering potential 56 V, entrance potential —10 V, focusing potential 220 V, Turbolon gas nitrogen 8 L/min, collision energy 42 V, collision cell exit potential 24 V, dwell time 500 ms, pause time 5 ms... 

Detector MS, PE Sciex API 3000 turbo ionspray, positive ion mode, ionspray needle 5 kV, turbo gas temperature 300°, auxiliary gas flow 8 L/min, m/z 311-259... 

Detector MS, PE Sciex API 100 single quadrupole, turbo ionspray, turbo probe 150°, air 6 L/min, 50 xL/min flowed into detector, m/z 693.7... 

Horimoto, S. Mayumi, T. Tagawa, K. Yamakita, H. Yoshikawa, M. Determination of taltireUn, a new stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, in human plasma by high-performance Uquid chromatography turbo-ionspray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, J.Pharm.BiomedJinal., 2002, 50, 1361 1369. 

Detector MS, PE Sciex API 365, turbo ionspray, positive mode, source 4000 V, orifice 30 V, ring 250 V, nebulizer gas nitrogen at S units, curtain gas nitrogen at S units, collision gas nitrogen at 3 units, collision energy - 42 eV, vaporizer 450°, m/z 271.2-253.3-227.2-199.2... 

Detector MS, PE Sciex API 150EX, single quadrupole, turbo ionspray, atmospheric pressure ionization, positive mode, heater gas nitrogen, ionspray 5000 V, nebulizer gas nitrogen at 1.2 L/min, curtain gas nitrogen at 1.0 L/min, turbo probe 475°, orifice 35 V, ring 175 V, m/z 306.21... 

Giroud, C. Augsburger, M. Menetrey, A. Mangin, P. Determination of zaleplon and zolpidem by liquid chromatography-turbo-ionspray mass spectrometry application to forensic cases, J.Chromatogr.B, 2003, 789, 131-138. 

If the liquid flow rate is increased too much, the ion signals become lower and less stable. The practical upper Umit to flow rate in pure electrospray is 10-20 pL/min, depending on the composition of the solvent and on the use of a coaxial sheath flow (see part 4.1). Pneumatically assisted electrospray has been used up to 1 mL/min. High-flow electrospray is always combined with the supply of heat to assist evaporation of solvents. In a commercial embodiment of high-flow ionspray (called Turbo-IonSpray) the spray plume... 

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