Dimethyl nitrosamine

Dimethylhydrazine Dimethyl nitrosamine bis (Dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulphide Dinitrobenzene (all isomers)... 

Uses It is one active ingredient present in water which has been purified by chlorination (Ref 6). It is used as an intermediate for.the prepn of hydrazine and substituted hydrazines. Recentiy there has been a renewed interest in chloramine as a possible intermediate for the prepn of UDMH (see Vol 7, H203-R) which avoids handling the highly carcinogenic dimethyl-nitrosamine (Refs 5 7)... 

Synonyms AI3-25308 BRN 1738979 CCRIS 261 Dimethylnitrosamine W-Dimethyl-nitrosamine A,A-Dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosomine DMN DMNA EINECS 200-549-8 A-Methyl-A/ nitrosomethanamine NDMA Nitrous dimethylamide NSC 23226 RCRA waste number P082. 

Terracini B, Palestro G, Gigliardi RM, Montesano R Carcinogenicity of dimethyl-nitrosamine in Swiss mice. Br J Cancer 20 871-876, 1966... 

Nitrosamines Dimethyl nitrosamine Covalent binding to macromolecules [23]. 

Chemicals which can damage (a) the liver include carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol, bromobenzene, isoniazid, vinyl chloride, ethionine, galactosamine, halothane, dimethyl-nitrosamine (b) the kidney include hexachlorobutadiene, cadmium and mercuric salts, chloroform, ethylene glycol, aminoglycosides, phenacetin (c) the lung include paraquat, ipomeanol, asbestos, monocrotaline, sulfur dioxide, ozone, naphthalene (d) the nervous system include MPTP, hexane, organophosphoms compounds, 6-hydroxydopamine, isoniazid (e) the testes include cadmium, cyclophosphamide, phthalates, ethanemethane sulfonate, 1,3-dinitrobenzene (f) the heart include allylamine, adriamycin, cobalt, hydralazine, carbon disulfide (g) the blood include nitrobenzene, aniline, phenyl-hydrazine, dapsone. 

In dimethyl nitrosamine the molecule may be represented as a resonance hybrid of the two structures ... 

Den Engelse L, Hollander CF, Misdorp W. 1974. A sex-dependent difference in the type of tumours induced by dimethyl nitrosamine in the livers of C3HF mice. Eur J Cancer 10 129-135. 

Hepatic cell injury induced by CCU, dimethyl nitrosamine, or thio-acetamide is accompanied by a reduced secretion of biliary components whereas ductular proliferation is observed after chronic administration of -naphthoisothiocyanate which also exerts a hydrocholeretic effect (G8). All these compounds tend to increase plasma retention of BSP. 

Synthesis and degradation of dimethyl nitrosamine in the natural environment and in humans... 

C. N. Frantz and H. V. Mailing, Factors affecting metabolism and mutagenicity of dimethyl-nitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine, Cancer Res. 35, 2307-2314 (1975). 

The first system to be developed involves in-vitro chemical activation, and is sometimes known as the Udenfriend system. This procedure entails exposing the test compounds to oxidising conditions in a solution of ascorbic acid, ferrous sulphate and ethylenediamine tetraacetatic acid (EDTA) under oxygen pressure at a pH of 5-5. Activation of dimethyl nitrosamine to a bacterial mutagen has been achieved in this manner. Although this procedure has been used successfully with other compounds, it is felt that other methods of activation, namely use of mammalian systems, may be more appropriate. 

Several observations show that the quantum yield for photodecomposition of dimethyl-nitrosamine is near unity for excitation within the long-wavelength band ... 

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