Tuberculosis drug treatment

Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Olsen J, Sorensen HT A population-based case-control study of the safety of oral anti-tuberculosis drug treatment during pregnancy. Int J Tu-berc Lung Dis 2001 5 564-568. 

Peloquin CA. Therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of tuberculosis. Drugs 2002 62 2169-2183. 

Recommended for any form of active tuberculosis when treatment with first-line drugs (isoniazid, rifampin) has failed. Use only with other effective antituberculosis... 

A week later he went home on full anti-tuberculosis drugs with stable liver function tests and carbamazepine and the addition of pyridoxine. The white count does not suggest resistance has emerged during this treatment gap but should be monitored over the full treatment course. Any acute liver insult on top of this treatment would be very difficult to resolve. Compliance with the pyridoxine is very important to prevent any toxicity. 

Bothamley G. Drug treatment for tuberculosis during pregnancy safety considerations. Drug Saf 2001 24(7) 553-65. 

Houston. S.. und Funning. A. Current and potential treatment of tuberculosis. Drugs 48.6X9. I994. 

Another area of interest relevant to this work is the role of drug abuse in the pathology of AIDS (Pillai et al. 1991). Two particular research areas that would generate valuable information are drug exposure in animals infected with opportunistic infections and the potential reconstitution of suppressed immunity by drug treatment. In the first instance, opportunistic infections are normally benign organisms that often lead to fulminant infections in immunocompromised hosts. Examples include tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and pneumocystosis. 

Caminero, J.A., Sotgiu, G., Zumla, A., Migliori, G.B., 2010. Best drug treatment for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 10 (9), 621-629, doi 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70139-0. 

Zumla, A., Nahid, P., and Cole, S.T. (2013) Advances in the development of new tuberculosis drugs and treatment regimens. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 12, 388-404. 

Florfenicol (2) has been approved in Japan for the treatment of pseudo-tuberculosis caused by Pasteurellapiscicida and streptococcosis m. yeUowtail fish. The recommended dose is 10 mg/kg for up to one week and the drug withdrawal time is five days after cessation of treatment. Florfenicol is active in bovine respiratory disease caused by Pasteurella species and mastitis caused by Staphylococci and Streptococci. It is also effective in neonatal cohbacillosis caused by E. coli. The drug is being developed worldwide by Schering-Plough Animal Health for the treatment of aquatic and bovine diseases. 

Phenyl 4-aminosalicylale is a drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Propose a synthesis of this compound starting from 4-nitrosalicylic acid. 

Aiititubercular drug s are used in combination with other aiititubercular dm to treat active tuberculosis. Isoniazid (INH) is the only aiititubercular drug used alone While isoniazid is used in combination with other drains for the treatment of primary tuberculosis, a primary use is in preventive therapy (prophylaxis) against tuberculosis. For example, when a diagnosis of tuberculosis is present, family members of the infected individual must be given prophylactic treatment with isoniazid for 6 months to 1 year. Display 12-1 identifies prophylactic uses for isoniazid. 

Of increasing concern is the development of mutant strains of tuberculosis that are resistant to many of the aiititubercular drug s currently in use. Bacterial resistance develops, sometimes rapidly, with the use of anti-tubercular drag s. Treatment is individualized and... 

Ms. Burns has received a diagnosis of tuberculosis. She is concerned because her primary health care provider has informed her that the treatment regimen consists of three drugs, isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide, taken for the next 2 months, followed by a 4-month treatment regimen with two of the drugs. 

The three standard drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis were streptomycin (considered above), -aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and isoniazid (isonicotinylhydrazide, INH synonym, isonicotinic acid hydrazine, INAH). The tubercle bacillus rapidly becomes resistant to streptomycin, and the role of PAS was mainly that of preventing this development of resistance. The current approach is to treat tuberculosis in two phases an initial phase where a combination of three dmgs is used to reduce the bacterial level as rapidly as possible, and a continuation phase in which a combination of... 

There has, unfortunately, been a global resurgenee of tuberculosis in recent years. Multiple drug-resistant M tuberculosis (MDRTB) strains have been isolated in which resistance has been aequired to many drugs used in the treatment of this disease. 

The advent of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has led to increased fears of untreatable infections by serious pathogens. Rifampicin, streptomycin and, occasionally, the quinolones are drugs used in the treatment of mycobacterial infections and resistance to those agents is as described previously. There... 

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