Tube connection

Steam generator. For small scale work the steam generator D, Fig. 15, p. 33) is too cumbersome for the production of a small amount of steam. It is preferable to use a 250 ml. conical flask fitted with cork containing a vertical safety tube and an outlet-tube (Fig. 44). Care should be taken that the length of rubber tubing connecting the steam oudet tube to the flask containing the materi to be distilled should be as short as possible and should not contain kinks. 

A convenient form of apparatus, particularly for large classes, is shown in Fig. 84 it is identical with that used for the determination of the equivalent weight of metals by hydrogen evolution. A and H are glass tubes connected together by the rubber tubing J and securely fastened to the board B. The tube A is... 

It sometimes happens that two or more bubbles coalesce to form one that hardly rises at all in the narrow part of the nitrometer tube this may be driven up to the rest of the collected gas at the top of the tube by gently squeezing the rubber pressure tubing connecting the movable reservoir J with the nitrometer proper. 

Drawing a stream of air over the surface by inserting a tube, connected to a water pump, above the mixture. 

Ethyl Bromide. Fit a 1-litre round-bottomed flask with a two holed cork carrying a separatory funnel and a wide (6-8 mm.) bent tube connected to a long efficient condenser set for downward distillation (Fig. 111,35,1) alternatively, Fig. Ill, 35, 1. a two-way addition tube (Fig. 11, 1, 8)... 

Mix 50 ml. of formalin, containing about 37 per cent, of formaldehyde, with 40 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution (sp. gr. 0- 88) in a 200 ml. round-bottomed flask. Insert a two-holed cork or rubber stopper carrying a capillary tube drawn out at the lower end (as for vacuum distillation) and reaching almost to the bottom of the flask, and also a short outlet tube connected through a filter flask to a water pump. Evaporate the contents of the flask as far as possible on a water bath under reduced pressure. Add a further 40 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution and repeat the evaporation. Attach a reflux condenser to the flask, add sufficient absolute ethyl alcohol (about 100 ml.) in small portions to dissolve most of the residue, heat under reflux for a few minutes and filter the hot alcoholic extract, preferably through a hot water fuimel (all flames in the vicinity must be extinguished). When cold, filter the hexamine, wash it with a little absolute alcohol, and dry in the air. The yield is 10 g. Treat the filtrate with an equal volume of dry ether and cool in ice. A fiulher 2 g. of hexamine is obtained. 

Method 1 (with acetyl chloride). Equip a dry 500 ml. round-bottomed or bolt-head flask with a reflux condenser, and fit the top of the condenser with a two hole cork, one opening for a separatory funnel and the other for a delivery tube connected to an inverted funnel which dips just below the surface of about 200 ml. of water in a beaker (compare Fig. II, 13, 8). Place 40 g. of anhydrous, finely-powdered aluminium chloride (see Section IV,2) and 88 g. (100 ml.) of dry A.R. benzene in the flask and cool the latter in a bath of cold water (not ice water since benzene may crystallise). Through the separatory funnel at the top of the condenser add 29 g. (27 ml.) of redistilled acetyl chloride slowly during half an hour and shake the flask frequently to ensure thorough mixing of the... 

To prepare crystalline monoperphthalic acid, place the thoroughly dry ethereal solution (4) in a distilling flask equipped with a capillary tube connected with a calcium chloride or cotton wool drying tube, and attach the flask to a water pump. Evaporate the ether without the application of heat (ice will form on the flask) to a thin syrup (about 150 ml.). Transfer the syrup to an evaporating dish, rinse the flask with a little anhydrous ether, and add the rinsings to the syrup. Evaporate the remainder of the ether in a vacuum desiccator over concentrated sulphuric acid about 30 g. of monoperphthalic acid, m.p. 110° (decomp.), is obtained. 

C or a part of C is put in a sep. funnel wich is connected to flask containing B ( wich can be a bottle), and a tube connect this flask to the bubbler into flask containing A, wich have other tube to redirect No and nitrite gases. Flask A is in water bath to keep rxn temp between 20 - 30 C /reaction is slightly exothermic) and stired magnetically. MeONO is bubbled in A with a bubbler that provides little bubbles (not necessary a gas difusor, but a single tube is not enough, you must increase then B and C). Bubbler is all deep as it is possible. 

A suspension of 0.40 mol of sodium amide in 300 ml of liquid ammonia was prepared as described in Chapter II, Exp. 11. To the suspension was added with swirling a mixture of 0.25 mol of CHgCeC-S-Ph (see Chapter IV, Exp. 14) and 40 ml of THE in about 2 min (note 1). Swirling was continued after the addition. Three minutes later (note 1) the stopper with glass tube was placed on the flask. The brown solution was forced through the glass tube and the plastic tube, connected to it under 400 g of finely crushed ice, which was contained in a 3-1 conical flask (see Chapter I, Fig. 3, and accompanying description of this operation). The flask was placed for... 

Venturi Meters The standard Herschel-type venturi meter consists of a short length of straight tubing connected at either end to the pipe line by conic sections (see Fig. 10-15). Recommended proportions (ASME PTC, op. cit., p. 17) are entrance cone angle Oti = 21 2°, exit cone angle Cto = 5 to 15°, throat length = one throat diameter, and upstream tap located 0.25 to 0.5 pipe diameter upstream of the entrance cone. The straight and conical sections should be joined by smooth cui ved surfaces for best results. 

Description These exchangers are typically a series of stacked helical-coiled tubes connected to manifolds, then inserted into a casing or shell. They have many advantages hke spiral-plate designs, such as avoiding differential expansion problems, acceleration effects of the helical flow increasing the heat transfer coefficient, and compactness of plot area. They are typically selected because of their economical design. 

The separatory funnel is now replaced by a wide glass tube (about 12 mm. internal diameter) which passes well into the flask but does not dip below the surface of the liquid (Note 2). This tube connects directly with a 500-cc. round-bottom flask containing 50 g. of paraformaldehyde which has been previously dried for two days in a vacuum desiccator over phosphorus pentoxide. The stirrer is started (Note 3) and the flask containing the paraformaldehyde is heated in an oil bath to 180-200°,... 

Upper pole head Contact tube Connecting terminals... 

The function of the trap is to condense the hexane from the n-butyl-lithium solution. The checkers used a 1-L three-necked flask fitted with a short delivery tube (a quick fit air bleed tube was used), stopper, and rubber tubing connection. The submitters used a water aspirator and a 1-L filter flask with a drying tower between. 

A low volume (0.2 pi) Valeo sample valve was employed with one end of the open tube connected directly to the valve and the other connected directly to the sensor cell of the detector. The UV detector was the LC 85B manufactured by Perkin Elmer, and specially designed to provide low dispersion with a sensor volume of about 1.4 pi. The total variance due to extra-column dispersion was maintained at... 

A visual inspection should be made of all Tygon tubing connections. 

Benzene (80 ml) is placed in a suitable pressure vessel (soft drink bottle or hydrogenation bottle) and chilled to 5°. The bottle is weighed, and a gas dispersion tube connected to a cylinder of butadiene is immersed in the benzene. Butadiene is introduced into the flask with continued cooling until a total of 32 g has been transferred. Pulverized maleic anhydride (50 g) is added to the bottle, which is then capped or stoppered with a stopper wired in place. The bottle is allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours, then is heated (behind a safety shield) to 100° for 5 hours. The bottle is cooled, then opened, and the contents are transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask. The mixture is heated to boiling, and petroleum ether is added until there is a slight turbidity. After cooling, the product is collected, mp 101-103° (yield 90%). 

At this point, you should note that since Pascal s law is independent of the shape of the container, it is not necessary that the tube connecting the two pistons has the same cross-sectional area of the pistons. A connection of any size, shape or length will do, as long as an unobstructed passage is provided. Therefore, the system shown in Figure 40.11, with a relatively small, bent pipe connecting two cylinders will act the same as the system shown in Figure 40.10. 

If steel tube connection leaks, it may be tightened turn beyond the specified torque in an attempt to stop the leakage. If the connection continues to leak, it must be disassembled and the problem corrected. 

A Nalgene 15-500 polyethylene bottle (Nalge Co., Rochester, New York) was used. The side arm coming off the shoulder of the bottle is kept well above the liquid level, the constricted tip removed, and the end of the tube connected to a drying tube containing clay plate chips impregnated with concentrated sulfuric acid. 

Assuming no temperature change, determine the final pressure inside tiie system after the valve connecting the two bulbs is opened. Ignore the volume of the tube connecting the two bulbs. 

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