Plates, design

Brookfield has introduced a new digital cone—plate viscometer in two versions. The CAP 1000 is a single speed instmment (12,000 or 3, 000 with 60 Hz current) that upgrades the ICl cone—plate design (ASTM D4287). The CAP 2000 is a multispeed viscometer with a viscosity range of 1 15, 000 mPa-s. This instmment covers a wide range of shear rates (166-26, 600 ) and complements the low shear WeUs-Brookfield viscometer. 

Three principal vapor—Hquid contacting devices are used in current crossflow plate design the sieve plate, the valve plate, and the bubble cap plate. These devices provide the needed intimate contacting of vapor and Hquid, requisite to maximizing transfer of mass across the interfacial boundary. 

Design Standard channel-plate designs, unique to each manufacturer, are developed with limited modifications of each plates corrugation depths and included angles. Manufacturers combine their different style plates to custom-fit each seiwice. Due to the possible combinations, it is impossible to present a way to exactly size PHEs. However, it is possible to estimate areas for new units and to predict performance or existing units with different conditions (chevron-type channel plates are presented). 

Description These exchangers are typically a series of stacked helical-coiled tubes connected to manifolds, then inserted into a casing or shell. They have many advantages hke spiral-plate designs, such as avoiding differential expansion problems, acceleration effects of the helical flow increasing the heat transfer coefficient, and compactness of plot area. They are typically selected because of their economical design. 

The fraction of plate area occupied by disengaging and distributing zones ranges from 5 to 20 percent of the cross section. For most sieve-plate designs, these zones are eliminated completely. 

As above for high deformahility systems. In addition, increase compaction forces by increasing bed weight, or altering mixer impeller or fluid-bed distributor plate design. 

Decrease impact velocity to reduce fragmentation Lower-formulation density. Decrease hed-agitation intensity (e.g., mixer impeller speed, fluid-hed excess gas velocity, drum rotation speed). Also strongly influenced hy distributor-plate design in fluid-heds, or impeller and chopper design in mixers. 

FIG. 21-4 Belt -conveyor loading details, (a) Typical sldrt-plate design and dimensions, (h) Pad belt and special roller-bearing idlers for heavy-duty loading Stephens-Adamson Division, Mlis-Chalmers Corporation.)... 

In most units, the flue gas pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure across an orifice chamber. The orifice chamber is a vessel containing a series of perforated plates designed to maintain a given back-pressure upstream of the regenerator pressure control valve. 

However, in certain cases, the impingement plate design is preferred over packed-tower columns when either internal cooling is desired, or where low liquid flow rates would inadequately wet the packing. 

Figure 9-7D. Typical efficient metal and porcelain support plate designs for gas injection into packing. Designs aiso avaiiabie in piastic-FRP, poiypropylene, PVC, etc. (Aiso see Figure 9-7F.) Used by permission of Norton Chemicai Process Products Corp.

An advantage of this plate design is the short distance that has to be passed by electrons to reach the current conducting core disadvantage is the weight of this thick core made of pure lead. 

The tubular-plate design for the positive electrodes, shown in Fig. 7, is common mainly in European countries for batteries with larger capacities. In this plate design, the conducting elements are separated... 

An heat exchanger located in the exit-gas system. Air heaters preheat combustion air and may be of several different types including convection air heaters of either tubular or plate design and regenerative air heaters. 

Many other plate designs are now available with specific functionaHties, and because of modular conception, it is possible to perform aU the steps required in a chemical reaction in various zones such mixing zone, residence time zone, and quench zone. 

Samples of high area powders and of supported metals may be applied to the CaF2 support plate by a spraying technique, previously described In detall(ll). In Figure 1, we show a half plate design In which a supported metal deposit, produced by H2 reduction of metal Ions held on the support, occupies one half of the plate while the pure support occupies the other half. 

The cancellation of gas phase spectral features using the "half plate design Is far superior to methods Involving a second gas cell placed In the reference beam. This Is because the gas density and Its rotational state population will differ In the two cells for different sample (and therefore gas) temperatures. For high sensitivity measurements, these effects can be difficult to handle using two cells. 

Solvent recovery column plate column, diameter 0.6 m, height 6 m, 10 stainless steel sieve plates, design pressure 2 bar, column material carbon steel. 

A quick estimate of the overall column efficiency can be obtained from the correlation given by O Connell (1946), which is shown in Figure 11.13. The overall column efficiency is correlated with the product of the relative volatility of the light key component (relative to the heavy key) and the molar average viscosity of the feed, estimated at the average column temperature. The correlation was based mainly on data obtained with hydrocarbon systems, but includes some values for chlorinated solvents and water-alcohol mixtures. It has been found to give reliable estimates of the overall column efficiency for hydrocarbon systems and can be used to make an approximate estimate of the efficiency for other systems. The method takes no account of the plate design parameters and includes only two physical property variables. 

This approximate estimate of the diameter would be revised when the detailed plate design is undertaken. 

---