Trisodium citrate salt

Please note that Rq and Cp vary a lot with the population of liposomes due to the swelling process. Their values are measured thereafter. The concentration of trisodium citrate salt in the ferrofluid is adjusted to a known value by dialysis through a cellulose membrane (Spectra/Por MWCO 12-14000 from ROTH, France). Final concentrations Q ranging from 5-85 mM are measured from the electrical conductivity of the ferrofluid. 

Figure 11.6 (a) Topological phase diagram of the magnetoliposomes under a magnetic field where the product is plotted versus trisodium citrate salt concentration in the ferrofluid. 

Trisodium citrate is more widely used than any of the other salts of citric acid. It is generally made by neutralization of a water solution of citric acid using sodium hydroxide. The neutralization reaction is highly exothermic giving off 1109 J/g of citric acid. To conserve energy, the heat evolved can be used in the sodium citrate concentration and crystallization steps. 

A ddH2 0, filtered with 0.45 nm membrane filter and stored dust free and salt free in plastic bottles B 1% gold(III)chloride (tetrachloroauricadd) (w/v) inReagent A C 1% trisodium citrate (w/v) in Reagent A D aquaregia (chloronitrous acid) 1 vol. concentrated HCl+3 vol. concentrated HNO3... 

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) [60-00-4] (Sequestrene), an anticoagulent at 1 mg of the disodium salt per mT. blood, complexes with and removes calcium, Ca2+, from the blood. Oxalate, citrate, and fluoride ions form insoluble salts with Ca2+ and chelate calcium from the blood. Salts containing these anticoagulants include lithium oxalate [553-91-3] LyC204, 1 mg/mL blood sodium oxalate [62-76-0] Na2C204, 2 mg/mL blood potassium oxalate monohydrate [6487-48-5] H20, 2 mg/mL blood sodium fluoride [7681-49-4] NaF, 2 mg/mL blood trisodium citrate... 

N-2-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetnacetic acid, trisodium salt), NaJSDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt), Na02CCH20H (sodium hydroxyacetate), and Na3C6H50 (trisodium citrate). Reagent chemicals and distilled and deionized water were used to prepare all test solutions. 

Starch-iron complexes are reported as biologically active sources of iron.627 628 In one report, it is warned that such complexes may produce sarcomas as a result of long-term exposure.629 Investigations630 have shown that, independently of the ferric salt used, the maximum capacity of the salt in starch is 2-7 mg%. Because pH 5.8 is more conducive to stability than low pH values (3 or lower), higher concentrations of ferric salt are not advisable. Shi Decheng631 recommended blending starch (100 g) with trisodium citrate (25g) and 2 M FeCl3 (500 mL) in water (2500 mL) at... 

Citric acid trisodium salt E331 sodium citrate tertiary trisodium citrate. 

Synonyms anhydrous trisodium citrate citric acid trisodium salt anhydrous trisodium 2-hydroxy-l,2,3-propane-tricarboxylic acid. 

Citrate salts have long been used in the processed cheese industry as "emulsifying salts," and there is still interest in the mechanism of their action. Shirashoji et al. (2006) examined the effects of trisodium citrate on the properties of processed cheese. Increasing concentration of sodium citrate decreased the size droplets of the cheese. This effect is typical when emulsifying properties of a system are improved. This is expected as the complexation of calcium by citrate causes dissociation of the casein micelle, making the casein more available for emulsifying fat droplets. This possibly contributed to the reinforcement of the structure of the processed cheese. 

Citrates are usually used as sodium salts, although potassium salts have also been used (Gupta et al, 1984). The trisodium citrate is used most commonly the mono- and disodium salts (NaH2C6Hs07 and Na2HC6Hs07), when used alone, generally give overacid PCPs which are mealy, acid, and crumbly and show a tendency toward oiling-off due to poor emulsification... 

BufFer-Salt-Mixture To induce phase separation, the following mixture of salts is required per sample test portion (containing approx. 10 g of water) 4 g magnesium sulfate anhydrous grit, 1 g of sodium chloride, 1 g of disodium hydrogen citrate sesquihydrate, and 0.5 g of trisodium citrate dihydrate. It is advisable to prepare in advance a sufficient number of portions of this mixture, the preparation of which is immensely facilitated if a sample divider (see apparatus) is used. 

The formation of Ag triangular nanoprisms from spherical nanopartides in the presence of trisodium citrate and bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine (BSPP) (dipotassium salt) with fluorescent light [245] has been described, as has that of Au nanoprisms [246]. 

Prabu, H.G., Sundrarajan, M., 2002. Effect of the bio-salt trisodium citrate in the dyeing of cotton. Color. Technol. 118,131-134. 

Trisodium citrate dihydrate [68-04-2, 6132-04-3] M 294.1, m 150 (loses H2O). Crystallise the salt from... 

Citric acid trisodium salt. See Trisodium citrate Citric acid, zinc salt Citric acid, zinc salt (2 3). See Zinc citrate... 

Citrate buffer (manual method) Dissolve 240g of trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na307 2H2O) and 20 g of EDTA (disodium salt) in about 600 mL of pure water. Make the solution alkaline with 10 mL of NaOH solution (reagent 1). Add boiling chips and remove any ammonia by boiling until the volume is less than 0.5 L. Cool and dilute to 500 mL with pure water. Store in a well-stoppered polyethylene bottle. The solution is stable. 

Citrate buffer (flow-analysis) 120g of trisodium citrate, 1.5g of NaOH and lOg of EDTA (disodium salt) are dissolved in 1L of pure water. Boil the solution down to about half the original volume. Allow to coot and make up to 1 L with pure water. 

Saturated sodium citrate solution Dissolve trisodium citrate dihydrate, C6H5Na307 -2H20, in the proportions 24 g of salt to 40 mL of water. The solution is stable. 

In the case of disodium hydrogen citrate aqueous solutions (Fig. 3.3) for c> 10 mol dm, essentially only HCit exists. Three charged anion Cit starts to be of importance for c< 10 mol dm As expected, the neutral salt, trisodium citrate can be considered as a strong electrolyte (see also [5]). 

If determination of osmotic and activity coefficients is limited only to NajCit and KjCit salts then the Pitzer formalism [167] can be applied. In this procedure trisodium citrate and tripotassium citrate are treated as fully dissociated electrolytes and the water activities a (T m)=p(T m)lp%T), at constant temperature are calculated using Eqs. (5.27) and (5.31). These equations represent the best fit of vapour pressures as a functions of concentration. 

Typical behaviour of osmotic and activity coefficients as calculated using Eqs. (5.36) and (5.37), is illustrated for trisodium citrate and tripotassium citrate in Fig. 5.15. It can be observed, that values of the (/w) and y+(/w) coefficients after a strong fall in very dilute solutions depend rather weakly on the citrate concentration. Since a T-,m) values are nearly temperature independent, the same is observed in the case osmotic and activity coefficients. It is worthwhile to mention that the Pitzer model was also used by Schunk and Maurer [163] when they determined water activities at 25 °C in ternary systems (citric acid + inorganic salt). The interactions parameters between ions, which were applied to represent activities in ternary systems, were calculated by taking into account the dissociation steps of citric acid and the formation of bisulfate ions for solutions with sodium sulfate. 

Fig. 5.39 Partition of trisodium citrate in aqueous two-phase systems with different alcohols at 25 °C. Equilibrium compositions are expressed in moles of NajCit in the alcohol-rich phase per kg of alcohol and in the salt-rich phase per kg of water. - ethanol [206], - 1-propanol, - 2-propanol, - 2-butanol, - 2-methyl-2-propanol [203]...

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