Triglycerides soybeans

Weidner, E., Richter, D. Influence of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Propane on the Solubility and Viscosity of systems containing Hydrogen and Triglycerides (Soybean Oil). In Proceedings 6th Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Nottingham, April 1999, I.S.A.S.F. Nancy, France, 1999, 657 - 662. 

Lai et al. [58], in a combined process of permeation of soybean oil with reverse osmosis NF membranes in combination with extraction by subcritical liquid pressurized carbon dioxide, obtained a preferential permeation of oleic acid in relation to triglycerides. From a system model of 40% of oleic acid and 60% of triglycerides (soybean oil), the permeation through the reverse osmosis membrane (BW 30) resulted in a permeate above 80% w/w of oleic acid, while the permeation through the membrane for NF (NF 90, MWCO = 200 Da) resulted in a permeate with approximately 50% w/w of oleic acid. However, the last membrane showed a significantly high permeate flux compared with that obtained with the BW 30. 

Table 1.2. Mean droplet diameter and polydispersity index of o/w emulsions resulting from dilution by water of a microemulsion consisting of a medium-chain triglyceride, soybean phosphatidylcholine, and poly(ethylene gly-col)(660)-12-hydroxystearate, poly(ethylene glycol) 400 and ethanol (from ref. (174) Reprinted by permission of Wiley-Liss, Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley Sons, Inc)...

Triglycerides, Soybean oil. Castor oU, Sunflower oil. Oil-based polymers. Fatty acids, Epoxidized oils. Interpenetrating networks, CrossUnking of oils. Oil-based polyurethanes, OU-hased polyamides. Oil-based polyester-amides. Oil-based alkyd resins. Oil-based polyesters. Oil-based poly(hydroxyalkanoates)... 

FIG. 2 Phase diagram of a ternary system sunflower oil-based monoglycerides, triglycerides (soybean oil), and water at 40 C. (From Ref. 17.)... 

Lipids. Representative fatty acid compositions of the unprocessed triglyceride oils found in the four oilseeds are given in Table 4 (see Fats and FATTY oils). Cottonseed, peanut, and sundower oils are classified as oleic—linoleic acid oils because of the high (>50%) content of these fatty acids. Although the oleic and linoleic acid content of soybean oils is high, it is distinguished from the others by a content of 4—10% of linolenic acid, and hence is called a linolenic acid oil. 

In addition to the triglycerides, the four oilseeds also contain phosphatides. For example, soybean oil containing 1.47% phosphatides consists of 48.9% phosphatidylcholine, 27.0% phosphatidylethanolamine, 21.9% phosphatidjlinositol and 2.2% phosphatidic acid (24). Total phosphatides of cottonseed and peanut kernels are estimated to be 1.5—1.9 and 0.8%, respectively (25). 

An IV fat emulsion contains soybean or safflower oil and a mixture of natural triglycerides, predominately unsaturated fatty acids. It is used in the prevention and treatment of essential fatty acid deficiency. It also provides nonprotein calories for those receiving TPN when calorie requirements cannot be met by glucose. Examples of intravenous fat emulsion include Intralipid 10% and 20%, Liposyn II 10% and 20%, and Liposyn III 10% and 20%. Fat emulsion is used as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for... 

The influence of the lipophilic external phase on the production of xylan-based microparticles by interfacial cross-linking polymerization has been investigated (Nagashima et al., 2008). Three different external phases were investigated a 1 4 (v/v) chloroform cyclohexane mixture, soybean oil, and a medium chain triglyceride, with viscosities below 1, 24, and 52 cP, respectively. It was observed that the use of these different lipid phases results in different macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the system (Figure 10). 

Lycopene was dispersed in medium-chain triglyceride oil derived from esterification of fatty acids and glycerol composition was stable for 3 mo at 25°C, compared with dispersion on soybean oil... 

Biodiesel is a fuel derived from renewable natural resources such as soybean and rapeseed and consists of alkyl esters derived from transesterification of triglycerides with methanol. In spite of all the advantages of biodiesel, such as low emissiotts, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and lubricity, the major hurdle in penetration of biodiesel is its high cost because of the expensive food grade refined vegetable oil feedstock. 

Although LOX from soybean seed is the best characterized of plant LOXs, this enzyme is present in a wide variety of plant and animal tissues (Liavonchanka and Feussner, 2006). The enzyme occurs in a variety of isoenzymes, which often vary in their optimum pH and in product and substrate specificity. Given the occurrence of multiple LOX isoenzymes in soybean leaves and the proposed roles of these enzymes in the plant metabolism, it is possible that individual isoenzymes play specific functions (Feussner and Wasternack 2002). The molecular structure of soybean LOX is the most reported, and four isoenzymes have been isolated (Baysal and Demirdoven 2007). Soy isoenzyme 1 produces 9- and 13-hydroperoxides (1 9) when the enzyme acts on free PUFA at pH 9.0, its optimum pH (Lopez-Nicolas and others 1999). Soy isoenzyme 2 acts on triglycerides as well as free PUFA leading to 9- and 13-hydroperoxide... 

Intermolecular metathesis of linseed and soybean oils, which are triglycerides of linoleic and linolenic acids, offers an alternative method of upgrading these drying oils into stand oils by a net increase of their molecular weights. 

Analysis of the triglycerides present in soybean oil has been reported on reverse phase colunrn using methanol-chloroform (9 1) as the mobile... 

Increasing temperature has also an important role. Near complete conversion of soybean triglycerides requires only 3 h at 117 C, whereas comparable conversions at 77 °C require 20h. On the other hand, high temperatures and high methanol-to-oil ratios also imply high pressures and consequently plant construction costs are high. 

For current information on the commercial uses of triglyceride oils, readers are directed to follow the periodic communications from the New Uses Committee of the United Soybean Board [191], which is staffed with informative professionals who remain current in the alternative applications of soybean oil, and who support the efforts of industry to develop alternative sources of feedstocks to reduce dependence on petroleum. 

In their raw, natural state, these oils exist in the form of a triglyceride or fat. In order to derive the useful oil from the raw material, the triglyceride must be separated from protein bodies and sterols also present within the oil seed. To illustrate this process, soybean oil production will be briefly described. 

As an example, we will illustrate the technology with oils/propane/hydrogen. The oils are triglycerides and fatty-acid methyl esters. The phase behaviour of soybean oil/propane/H2 has... 

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