Trichoderma cellulase

Ramos, L. P., Zandon, A., Filho, A., Deschamps, F. C., and Saddler, J. N., The effect of Trichoderma cellulases on the fine structure of a bleached softwood kraft pulp. Enzyme Microbial Technol 1999, 24 (7), 371-380. 

Esterbauer, H., Steiner, L. I., Hermann, A., and Hayn, M., Production of Trichoderma cellulase in laboratory and pilot scale. Bioresource Technol 1991, 36, 51 65. 

The stilbene pinosylvin and its derivatives showed inhibitory activity on the fungal shoot blight and canker pathogen of conifers Sphaeropsis sapinea (P<0.001) [453]. Isorhapontin could inhibit the growth of the wood-staining fungus Trichoderma viride by inhibiting Trichoderma cellulases activity [454 and references therein]. 

The original cellulases used in denim washing were the crude enzymes of Trichoderma and Humicola, referred to as acid and neutral cellulase, respectively, based on the optimum pH range of use of the enzymes, which was pH 4 to 5 for the acid cellulase and 6 to 7 for the neutral cellulase. The Trichoderma cellulase, comprising the more complete set of EG and CBH components capable of the full hydrolysis of cellulose, works more quickly and is capable of a greater degree of abrasion and fading of the blue dye color than the Humicola cellulase. The Trichoderma cellulase also achieves certain desired finishes (appearances) that the Humicola cellulase does not. 

By the mid-1990s, several new cellulase enzyme products had evolved for denim washing. Fower degrees of fabric strength loss were achieved with individual cellulase enzyme components, most prominently Trichoderma EG3 [16] and Humicola EGS [17]. Trichoderma cellulase used in combination with protease improved its performance to close to that of the Humicola cellulase [18]. 

Cellulase treatment is carried out in a slurry tank prior to the paper machine. The typical treatment time is for 1 hour. Primarily Trichoderma cellulase enzymes have been used for this application, which is carried out at pH 4 to 5. 

Most cellulase used in the juice industry is Trichoderma cellulase, because of the typically low pH present in the mash. Cellulase from Aspergillus niger is also used. 

The activity of the Trichoderma cellulase enzymes CBHI, CBHII, EGI, and EGII against several substrates is summarized in Table 1. 

Cellulase is inhibited by its end products, cellobiose and glucose. For Trichoderma cellulase, the end product inhibition is uncompetitive, of the form ... 

Toyama Trichoderma cellulase is being produced by two companies at the rate of 3 tons per month. And another cellulase is being produced at the rate of 2 tons per month. About 500 kg. per month are exported to Europe (West Germany). Trichoderma cellulase is also being exported to Australia as feed supplement (for cows) at the rate of 100 kg. per month. The major sources of these enzymes in Japan are ... 

Protease Activity and Proteolytic Events in Trichoderma Cellulases... 

Biely P (1990) Artificial substrate for cellulolytic glycanases and their use for the differentiation of Trichoderma enzymes. In Kubicek CP, Eveleigh DE, Esterbauer H, Sten W, Kubicek-Pranz EM (eds) Trichoderma Cellulases. Biochemistry, Genetics, Physiology and Applications. Royal Chem Soc Cambridge p 30... 

Kubicek-Pranz EM (eds) Trichoderma Cellulases Biochemistry, Genetics, Physiology... 

Since the 1980s, two studies of solvent fermentation at the pilot-plant scale have been reported. A pilot project was started in Soustons, France, to evaluate the commercial potential of producing solvents for gasoline-substitute fuels. It was designed to use mainly hydrolysates of cereal straw and com stover as the substrates. The raw materials were pretreated by steam explosion and then hydrolyzed by Trichoderma cellulase complex to yield fermentable substrates, and the aim was to produce 1 t of solvents from 6 to 7 t of raw materials (Nativel et al. 1992 Nimcevic and Gapes 2000). Batch fermentations using strains of C. acetobutylicum were performed at 2-m and 50-m scales. Yields of 1 t of solvents from 7.7 t of corn cobs were reported. 

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