Transporting glassware

The apparatus is shown in Fig. 4.1. The body of the extraction vessel is made from Pyrex. Separation is effected by absorption of a batch containing both phases into a porous 2 cm diameter nickel-chrome alloy disc (A), the upper surface of which is domed. The disc is mounted on the end of a stainless-steel shaft (B) turned by a geared high-torque electric motor. The disc-shaft-motor assembly can he transported along its axis of rotation to any of three stations. The assembly is shown at its bottom station, with the porous disc within the inner vessel (C), around which is a collar (D) forming the first annular pocket (E). The collar itself forms the inner wall of the second annular pocket (F), the outer wall of which extends upwards to support a Perspex Hd (G) on which the rotor (H) is situated. The inner vessel and both annular pockets are fitted with drain valves. A stiff piece of platinum wire is passed through the Hd into the glassware as far as the level of the first annular pocket. 

Some particular features of the analysis of products obtained by combinatorial methods have impaired the use of NMR spectroscopy in the initial phase of the development of this technique. Combinatorial chemistry produces large number of compounds in a very short period of time, in small quantities and instead of using traditional glassware for synthesis employs 96-well microtiter plates to store, transport and sometimes even to synthesize the compounds of interest. Another issue is the need to characterize solution and solid samples, since solid phase synthesis is extensively used in combichem. In this context, the need of an efficient and universal sample analysis remains a challenge. Actually, most combichem programs obtain mass spectrometry and UV (photodiode-array detection) data on their samples but clearly the use of NMR spectroscopy provides a structural characterization unparalleled by the aforementioned techniques. In the last years an increasing number of new NMR methods opened the possibility for the utilization of this analytical technique for monitoring combinatorial chemistry reactions. The first part of this chapter will focus on the recent developments introduced in NMR spectroscopy to overcome these difficulties. 

The chemicals in syringes are transported to the SCBs in kits of materials and equipment The chemical hazard from acid and base corrosive chemicals wiQ be mitigated by remote handling in the SCBs and by the sealed process hardware and glassware. -Any spills are contained in a spill tray and cleaned up with an acid spill kit in the SCB. 

Unbreakable, leak-proof containers that can withstand chemical attack by carcinogens or solvents should be available for transportation of carcinogens. They should be of different sizes to accommodate different types of glassware and should contain absorbent material that can also act as a shock-absorber. 

Conveyor silent ehains often use flat-baek link plates that provide a smooth conveying surface and may use joint designs that resist fouling. Conveyor silent chain is frequently used to convey hot glassware and other products where ventilation from below the conveyor is desired, or where exceptionally smooth transport is required. A typical silmt chain conveyor is pictured in Figure 1-26. 

Sorting. Hazards include heat, mechanical injury, broken glass, and transportation of glassware. 

Waste disposal. Discuss disposal requirements for biological, chemical, and radioactive wastes. Cover how to render compounds harmless if possible, and how to follow procedures for disposal of hazardous materials, avoiding air and water or sewage pollution. Cover compliance with Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Transportation regulations. Cover disposal of radioactive chemicals, animal remains, sharp objects, and broken glassware. 

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