Transparency of Gels

Transparency of gel is usually related to linear chain of polysilicates, precursors of microporous materials after calcination. This is in agreement with the below described characterization of SA. However, also the synthesis of ERS-8, performed in a basic medium, proceeds through the formation of a perfectly transparent gel. As SA, ERS-8 is microporous. 

Transparency of gels can be divided qualitatively into highly transparent, translucent (semitransparent), and opaque. The light incident upon the... 

The physical properties of polymer complexes can differ markedly from those of their homopolymer constituents [1,2]. In solution, viscosity, turbidity, conductivity and solubility can be greatly influenced by complexation. The mechanical properties, permeability, electrical conductivity and transparency of gels can also be greatly altered by complexation [26,27]. 

Wang R., Narang U., Prasad P.N., Bright F.V., Affinity of antifluorescein antibodies encapsulated within a transparent sol-gel glass, Anal. Chem. 1993 65 2671-2675. 

The chemical inertness and optical transparency of Si02 sol-gel matrices make the doping methodology ideal for sensor developments, even if leaching is an issue that must be often addressed. Another attractive, unique feature is that non-toxic sol-gel silicas can be made in... 

The hybrids generated by the sol-gel process combine the flexibility and mechanical strength of the organic constituent with the hardness, stiffness and transparency of the inorganic silica network. Hardness is often further conferred by the employment of other inorganic oxide particles (such as alumina or titania). This first started in the 1980s when... 

Optical lithography, in compound semiconductor processing, 22 193 Optically active citronellol, 24 506 Optically transparent porous gel-silica, 23 75, 76 Optical materials nonlinear, 17 442-460 second-order nonlinear, 17 444—453 third-order nonlinear, 17 453-457 Optical memory, photochromic material application, 6 602 Optical microscopy, 16 467-487 history of, 16 467-469 in kinetic studies, 14 622 liquid immersion, 15 186 Optical mode density, 14 849, 850-852 Optical multichannel analyzers (OMAs), 23 143... 

The thin cylindrical gel was placed in a sealed glass microcapillary of inner diameter of 1.35 mm. As is illustrated in Fig. 2, the capillary was encapsulated in a transparent cell, within which water was circulated to control the temperature. The glass microcapillary with the thin film gel was directly encapsulated in the cell. The temperature was regulated within + 0.05 °C. On the other hand, the film gel with glass plate was directly encapsulated in the transparent cell shown in Fig. 2. In both cases, the temperature of gels was not directly measured, but was obtained by measuring the difference between the circulated water temperature and the temperature of the places where gels were set in. 

Acetic acid is also used as an acidic catalyst, which increases gelation time and leads to transparent homogeneous gels. This effect can be explained by partial substitution of OR- by OAc- groups chelating metal atoms [1391]. In the course of hydrolysis, the OAc-groups remain bonded to titanium atom and... 

The vitreous humor volume is about 4 ml in an adult. Its viscosity is 2-4 times that of water and is dependent on the concentration of sodium hyaluronate. Although it has the outward appearance of a transparent, viscoelastic gel, it contains fine diameter type II collagen fibers (8-12 nm diameter) that entrap the large coiled hyaluronic acid molecules. These fibers give the gel a spherical structure with a dent in the anterior surface (the hyaloid fossa). The main constituent of the vitreous is water (98%) with a refractive index of 1.33, but the gel is... 

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