Transmission fluid types

The many different types of transmission fluids can be somewhat confusing. Original equipment manufacture requirements should be met when replacing a transmission fluid. Using the wrong type of fluid may cause transmission problems and damage. Table 7.5 shows transmission fluid types. 

Type CJ Fluid for Ford C6 transmissions incompatible with type F compatible with Mercon and Mercon V 

Mercon V Introduced in 1997 with Ford Ranger, Explorer, Aerostar, etc. 

Dexron II Improved GM formula for better viscosity and oxidation inhibitors compatible with Dexron 

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The excellent chemical resistance of Aflas has led to important applications in oilfields and, more recently, in the car industry in place of FKM rubbers because of the better resistance to new types of engine oils, transmission fluids, gear lubricants and engine coolants. 

Generally, the major adverse effects associated with colloids are fluid overload, dilutional coagulopathy, and anaphy-lactoid/anaphylactic reactions.24,32 Although derived from pooled human plasma, there is no risk of disease transmission from commercially available albumin or PPF products since they are heated and sterilized by ultrafiltration prior to distribution.24 Because of direct effects on the coagulation system with the hydroxyethyl starch and dextran products, they should be used cautiously in hemorrhagic shock patients. This is another reason why crystalloids maybe preferred in hemorrhagic shock. Furthermore, hetastarch can result in an increase in amylase not associated with pancreatitis. As such, the adverse-effect profiles of the various fluid types should also be considered when selecting a resuscitation fluid. 

Figure 5. Exposure of 40% glass-reinforced PPS to doi-3 brake fluid (closed bar) and type-f transmission fluids (open bar) at 149°C.

Over the years, detergents have found equally important usage in many other types of lubricants, including gear oils, farm tractor hydraulic fluids, automatic transmission fluids and industrial oils. The performance properties that detergents impart to these lubricating fluids include rust and corrosion prevention, improvement in lubricant elastomeric seal compatibility, enhancement of sludge control under oxidative conditions and improvement of wet clutch and wet brake friction level and stability. 

Typical manual transmission fluids additive packs contain 6-10 components, many being the same components used for modern automatic transmission fluids. The key differences are the treat levels of components, e.g. dispersants and friction modifiers, and the type and level of antiwear components. A typical manual gearbox standard operating temperature of 90 C is not as thermally challenging as that of a modern automatic transmission in excess of 120°C. This is usually reflected in the superior oxidative stability exhibited by modern automatic transmission fluids compared with manual transmission fluids. Table 10.3 shows the generic composition of a manual transmission fluid, with the component(s) that differ from an automatic transmission fluid highlighted. 

The torque converter is a type of fluid coupling device that hydraulically connects the engine to the transmission—analogous to a mechanical clutch. Used in conjunction with the torque converter is a stator, which essentially assists at low engine speeds, thus increasing acceleration. The vanes inside the converter alter the shape of the fluid path into the stator. The stator captures the kinetic energy of the transmission to enhance torque multiplication. This process will not only increase heat, but also increase shear of the transmission fluid. In addition to torque conversion, at every shift event, clutch packs generate heat, which must be carried away by the transmission fluid. 

Fluid friction refers to air, water, or other types of fluid providing the resistance to movement between two objects. One example of fluid friction would be the resistance of air to an airplane flying. Another example would be the torque converter in an automatic transmission the transmission fluid provides the power to drive the automobile through jfriction with the impeller blades. 

Transmission Fluids (cont) dexron II 150 7 5 Data from SPE ANTEC 1991 Conference Proceedings 0.6 66.7 Unstrained Maranyl PDX-R-86474 LNP Engineering Plastics Specimen Type V tensile specimen, weight gain -50.8X12.7X3.2 mm, heat stability, toughened... 

The prediction of drop sizes in liquid-liquid systems is difficult. Most of the studies have used very pure fluids as two of the immiscible liquids, and in industrial practice there almost always are other chemicals that are surface-active to some degree and make the pre-dic tion of absolute drop sizes veiy difficult. In addition, techniques to measure drop sizes in experimental studies have all types of experimental and interpretation variations and difficulties so that many of the equations and correlations in the literature give contradictoiy results under similar conditions. Experimental difficulties include dispersion and coalescence effects, difficulty of measuring ac tual drop size, the effect of visual or photographic studies on where in the tank you can make these obseiwations, and the difficulty of using probes that measure bubble size or bubble area by hght or other sample transmission techniques which are veiy sensitive to the concentration of the dispersed phase and often are used in veiy dilute solutions. 

Selection and care of the hydraulic fluid for a machine will have an important effect on how it performs and on the life of the hydraulic components. During the design of equipment that requires fluid power, many factors are considered in selecting the type of system to be used-hydraulic, pneumatic, or a combination of the two. Some of the factors required are speed and accuracy of operation, surrounding atmospheric conditions, economic conditions, availability of replacement fluid, required pressure level, operating temperature range, contamination possibilities, cost of transmission lines, limitations of the equipment, lubricity, safety to the operators, and expected service life of the equipment. 

Hydraulic fluids are a very large class of materials that are used in machines and equipment to transfer pressure from one point to another. They are used in many ways including all fluids for car automatic transmissions, brakes, and power steering. Hydraulic fluids are also used in many machines like tractors and other farm equipment, forklift trucks, bulldozers, and other construction equipment, and airplanes. In industry, hydraulic fluids are used in machines that push, lift, pull, turn, and hold things. This profile covers only three of the many types of... 

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