Transformation Phenotypic changes

Normally, quiescent platelets freely circulate through the vasculature, reflective of the hemocompatible character of the vascular endothelium and the anti-thrombotic nature of healthy human blood vessels. Traumatic vascular damage incites a spatially and temporally coordinated platelet transformation encompassing several major, sequential phenotypic changes platelet adhesion to subendothelial matrix components... 

Positive results from the in vitro mammalian cell transformation test indicate that the test substance produces phenotypic changes in cultured mammalian cells associated with malignant transformation in vivo. None of the in vitro test endpoints has an established mechanistic link with cancer. Some of the test systems are capable of detecting tumor promoters. 

Uehara Y, Hori M, Takeuchi T, Umezawa H. Phenotypic change from transformed to normal induced by beirzoquinonoid ansamycins accompanies inactivation of p60src in rat kidney cells infected with Rous sarcoma virus. Mol Cell Biol 1986 6 2198-206. 

Jiang XR et al. Telomerase expression in human somatic cells does not induce changes associated with a transformed phenotype. Nat Genet 1999 21 111-114. 

Figure 1.14 Depudecin reverts the phenotypic changes induced by viral oncogenes. (From Kwon, H. J. et al., 1998, Depudecin Induces Morphological Reversion of Transformed Fibroblasts via the Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95 3356-61.)...

The cell transformation assay uses mammalian cell culture systems to detect phenotypic changes in vitro induced by chemical substances associated with malignant transformation in vivo. Widely used cells include SHE (Isfort et al, 1996), C3H10T1/2 (Mondal and Heidelberger, 1970) and Balb/3T3 (Matthews et al, 1993). 

Aiba, S. et al, In vitro treatment of human transforming growth factor-betal-treated monocyte-derived dendritic cells with haptens can induce the phenotypic and functional changes similar to epidermal Langerhans cells in the initiation phase of allergic contact sensitivity reaction, Immunology, 101, 68, 2000. 

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