DNA Transcription

Transcription (DNA), 1108-1109 coding strand in, 1108 primer strand in, 1108 promoter sites in, 1108 template strand in, 1108 Transfer RNA, 1108... 

Since the SUMO pathway affects multiple pathways ranging from transcription, DNA repair, and intracellular trafficking over cell signaling and cell cycle control to basic metabolism, it is not suiprising that links to diseases and viral assaults are emerging. However, the field is not yet at a stage sufficiently developed for pharmacological intervention. Below we will describe selected examples for links of the SUMO pathway to diseases and viral functions. 

Alexaki A, Quiterio SJ, Liu Y, Irish B, RUareski E, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B (2007) PMA-induced differentiation of a bone marrow progenitor cell line activates HIV-1 LTR-dtiven transcription. DNA CeU Biol 26(6) 387-394... 

The group of RNA viruses to which HIV belongs are called retroviruses, because DNA is produced from RNA in their replication cycle—the reverse of the usual direction of transcription (DNA RNA). 

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase-I inhibitory agent that prevents the initiation and elongation of RNA transcription, DNA replication, and supercoiling of DNA (44). Investi-... 

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, are resistant to rifampicin. These strains become resistant through mutations that alter the rpoB gene, which encodes the /3 subunit of the RNA polymerase. Rifampicin cannot bind to the mutant RNA polymerase and so is unable to block the initiation of transcription. DNA sequences from a large number of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains have been found to have mutations in a specific 69 bp region of rpoB. One well-characterized strain with rifampicin resistance has a single base pair alteration in rpoB that results in a single amino acid substitution in the J3 subunit a His residue is replaced by an Asp residue. 

E. A. Nigg. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 At the cross roads of transcription, DNA repair and cellcycle control Cure Opin Cell Biol, 8, 312—317, 1996. 

Priming on M13 vectors resembles in vitro transcription but requires gel purification of probe, stability with duplex lower than with transcripts, DNA probes more stable than RNA probes... 

Key Words Bioinformatics genetics genomics transcription DNA regulatory regions. 

Gould HJ, Beavil RL, Vercelli D IgE isotype determination epsilon germline gene transcription, DNA recombination and B cell differentiation. Br Med Bull 2000 56 908-924. 

Lesions in transcription units pose three fundamental problems for the cell (i) they can permit an RNA polymerase to bypass with limited or no detectable pausing, but alter the nascent RNA, (ii) they can pause or transiently stall elongation, slowing transcription, or (iii) they can pose absolute blocks to elongation. In all these cases, the role of elongation factors, DNA repair, and documented or putative transcription-DNA repair coupling factors may well modulate these outcomes. Figure 17.7 illustrates these possibilities. 

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