Trans-Mediterranean

Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC) (2008). Clean Power from Deserts. The DESERTEC Concept for Energy, Water and Climate Security. Hamburg The Club of Rome, www.trec-eumena.org. 

The importance of North Africa for future European gas supply, however, goes beyond the purely numerical aspect of projected volumes. North Africa is likely to be the only supply source which will increase the volume of pipeline gas dedicated to Europe. There are not only possibilities of expanding the existing pipelines - the Enrico Mattei (Trans-Mediterranean), Pedro Duran Farrell (GME) and Green Stream lines - but also of building new ones such as the proposed Medgaz line to Spain and the Galsi line to Sardinia and Italy. 

During the 1980-2001 period, there were one or two source incidents and some transit incidents relating to Russian gas supplies through Ukraine, but no significant facility incidents/ There was one incident which could be labeled as terrorism in 1997 when an explosion on the Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline cut the flow of Algerian gas to Italy... 

INCO-DC, International Cooperation with Developing Countries of the European Union (2001) Sustainable halophyte utilization in the mediterranean and subtropical dry regions. Final Report Jeger MJ (2000) Bottlenecks in IPM. Crop Prot 19 787-792 Kang WS (2001) Development of a flame weeder. Trans ASAE 44 1065-1070 Khasawneh FE, Doll EC (1978) The use of phosphate rock for direct application to soils. Adv Agron 30 159-203... 

FENNEL FRUIT Foeniculi fructus The schizocarpic fruit of Foeniculum vul tare, Mill., family Apiaceae, which is a herbaceous plant, endemic to the Mediterranean aera. The fennel fruit contains 2-6% volatile oil, FomicuU aetherokum, which has a bitter camphor-like taste of the optically active (-1-) fenchone (called BITTER FENNEL, Foeniculi amari fructus,) with minimum 60% anethole and 15%, fenchone, and the SWEET FENNEL, Foeniculi dulcis fructus, with trans-anethole 80%. 

No explicit mention is made of the effect of trans-fatty adds or hydrogenated vegetable oils, nor of monounsaturated vegetable oils such as olive oil, as per the Mediterranean diet.)... 

The synthetic attractant Siglure (11), used as bait for the Mediterranean fruit fly, has just such a Irons relationship and can be made from a trans dienophile (12). 

Erel Y, Dayan U, Rabi R et al (2006) Trans boundary transpmt of pollutants by atmospheric mineral dust. Environ Sci Technol 40 2996-3005 Erel Y, Kalderon-Asael B, Dayan U et al (2007) European atmospheric pollution imported by cooler air masses to the Eastern Mediterranean during the summer. Environ Sci Technol 41 5198-5203... 

For transcontinental transports ships and rail transports are not competing. However, in Europe open sea and rail transports may compete. E.g. transport relations to and from middle and western European countries passing the Mediterranean or Black Sea can also be performed by trans-balkan rail transports. 

Wormwood oil Artemisia absinthium L.), sage oil Salvia officinalis L.) and milfoil oil Achillea millefolium L.) contain the diastereoisomeric thujones (113) as their main components (792). The biogenesis of these ketones was investigated in certain Thuja, Tanacetum and Juni-perus species (25). (-)-Isothujone cis-113) possesses an antinociceptive activity which is comparable with that of ( —)-A -tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine 498). The acute toxicity of California bay oil Umbellularia californica Nutt.) is due primarily to umbellulone (114) (39%), a substance, which is not present in Mediterranean or West Indian oils 67, 369). A similar neuropharmacological effect is reported for ( —)-thujone trans-113) 208). 

Pipelines Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (oil Caspian to Mediterranean Sea) Druzhba (oil southeast Russia to eastern Europe) China s West to East (gas) Trans-Alaska (oil) Gasoducto del Sur (proposed gas Venezuela to Argentina) Desertec (proposed solar North Africa to Europe)... 

Refined lead trade flows clearly include shipments of metal into, and deliveries from, LME warehouses, at least where this involves a trans-border movement of material. This has become a more important factor in recent years, partly due to the proliferation of LME warehouses and, in part, because the volume of metal involved is now much greater. Most material is held in warehouses in Western Europe, but other delivery points exist in Scandinavia, the Mediterranean, Singapore and the USA (see Chapter 17, for details). 

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