Fennel fruit

Foeniculum officinale All. F vulgare Mill. Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel) (fruit) Anethol, d-fenchone, anisaldehyde, methylchavicol.33 Restore normal functioning of the stomach. 

Harborne and Saleh (1971) confirmed the presence of quercetin 3-arabinoside in the leaves of fennel and three other flavo-nol glycosides, kaempferol 3-arabinoside, kaempferol 3-glucuronide and quercetin 3-glucuronide. A chemotypic characterization of populations of fennel based on the occurrence of glycosides has been attempted. The dried distillation residue of fennel fruits contains 14-22% protein and 12-18% fat and is suitable for stock feed (Weiss, 2002). 

Many techniques are followed to identify and quantify the components of fennel essential oil. Krizman et al. (2006) developed a headspace-gas chromatography method for analysing the major volatile constituents in fennel fruits and leaves — a-pinene, a-phellandrene, limonene, fenchone, estragole and trans-anethole. 

Fehrmann, A., Schulz, H. and Rank, F. (1996) Non-destructive NIRS-measurement in caraway and fennel fruits. Bundenanstalt fur Zuchtungforschund und Kulturpflazen 2(1), 418 121. 

Javidnia, K., Dastgheib, L., Samani, S.M. and Nasiri, A. (2003) Antihirsutism activity of fennel (fruits of Foeniculum vulgare) extract - a double-blind placebo controlled study. Phytomedicine 10(6-7), 455 158. 

Between each fibro-vascular bundle and the tip of each rib will be found a zone of collenchyma cells. In the mesocarp between each two ribs on the dorsal side occurs a single vitta or oil tube which is lined with a layer of brownish polygonal cells. These vittae contain the official oil of fennel. Two vittae generally occur in the meso-carp of the commissural side although four are reported to have been found in this region of some fennel fruits. 

Japanese fennel fruits somewhat resemble those of anise in appearance, but are more oblong and do not taper to the apex. Umney Pharm. J. 1896, 57, 91) obtained 2.7 per cent of pale yellow oil with the odour of sweet fennel. The solidifying-point was 7° C., melting-point 10°. When fractionated, the following fractions were obtained below 220°, 26 per cent 220-225°, 32 per cent 225-230°, 34 per cent residue, 8 per cent. According to Umney, this oil probably contains 75 per cent of anethole 10 per cent of fenchone (by reduction and acetylisation), with some pinene and dipentene it is not stated how the last two were identified. 

Foeniculum vulgare Hill (Fennel) Fruits SD 4.0 anethole, fenchone 33,34... 

FENNEL FRUIT Foeniculi fructus The schizocarpic fruit of Foeniculum vul tare, Mill., family Apiaceae, which is a herbaceous plant, endemic to the Mediterranean aera. The fennel fruit contains 2-6% volatile oil, FomicuU aetherokum, which has a bitter camphor-like taste of the optically active (-1-) fenchone (called BITTER FENNEL, Foeniculi amari fructus,) with minimum 60% anethole and 15%, fenchone, and the SWEET FENNEL, Foeniculi dulcis fructus, with trans-anethole 80%. 

Synonyms Fennel Fennel fruit Fennel seed Foeniculum Foeniculum vulgare Foeniculum vulgare fruit Sweet fennel Definition Dried ripe fruit of cultivated varieties of Foeniculum vulgare... 

Fennel fruit. See Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Fennel oil Fennel oil, bitter Fennel oil, sweet. See Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) oil Fennel seed. See Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Fennel, sweet, extract. See Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) extract Fenoxaprop-ethyl CAS 66441-23-4... 

Bitter-fennel fruit oU, Poeniculi amari fructus aetheroleum... 

Essential oils from oregano herb (0. onite, laurel leaf (Lauras nobili, sage leaf (Salvia fruticosa), fennel fruit (Eoeniculum vulgare), myrtle leaf (JHyrtus communi , and citrus peel (rich in limonene) were mixed and formulated as feed additive after encapsulation. It is marketed in Turkey as poultry feed under the name Herbromix. 

Bitter-fennel fruit oil Foeniculi amari fructus aetheroleum Foeniculum vulgare Miller subsp. vulgare var. vulgare... 

Traditional Medicine. Fennel fruits and oil are reportedly used as a stomachic and as a carminative in treating flatulence and other stomach troubles, as well as for catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract. ... 

Traditionally, fennel fruits have been used for many similar purposes as dill fruits, both in Western traditional medicine and in Chinese medicine. 

The authors stress the advantages of pre-resonance intensity enhancement effect accompanying the FT-Raman measurements allowing to detect carotenoids even in trace amounts with simultaneous elimination of background fluorescence of the plant sample. These special advantages of FT-Raman spectroscopy applied to 2D Raman mappings enabled to illustrate the distribution of individual plant carotenoids independently from each other in the same sample [4]. Furthermore, the high potential of FT-Raman microspectroscopy to obtain detailed information about microstructure and chemical composition of fennel fruits, chamomile inflorescence, and curcuma roots was demonstrated [11]. 

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