Trading practices

Note that Systnme Internationale (SI) units are employed in this article preceding English units. In U.S. trade practices and packaging specifications, however, English units are employed to the virtual exclusion of metric units. 

Material, traffic and people are involved, and the constraints on internal layouts will be different to those for site layouts but will not affect the design process. The constraints will include organization of the factory work tasks, which may involve trade practices and the type of organization adopted for the control of the process equipment. This is discussed in Section 7.2. 

The instructions given in these guidance notes do not cover every component part, but the technician/craftsmen is expected to carry out any necessary maintenance in accordance with their normal trade practice. 

Body controlling advertising/ promotion TGA Trade Practices Commission APMA Code of Conduct Committee Pharm. Services Drug Council SAM Consumer Protection Branch MAB KOAG DPM NDA RBPP Ministry of Communication s MCAZ... 

Some of the states are adopting a Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act and a Uniform Trade Secrets Act. As more states adopt a Uniform Trade Secret Act, the laws in the various states tend to become more uniform and predictable. There is a trend towards a more uniform policy and punishment of individuals and organizations that participate in the outright theft of trade secrets. Hopefully this trend will continue. 

These lawsuits and settlements have been joined by more recent allegations of unfair and deceptive trade practices and violations of other codes. Applicators have been found in violation of do-not-call phone advertising restrictions, for example. TruGreen Chemlawn also recently settled with the State of Pennsylvania over allegations that the company added unnecessary surcharges for lawn care services, jacking up prices surreptitiously over time. ... 

The Codex Alimentarius Commission was created in 1963 by FAO and WHO to develop food standards, guidelines, and related texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program. The main purposes of this Program are to protect the health of the consumers and to ensure fair trade practices in the food trade, and to promote the coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and nongovernmental organizations (CA 2007). 

The definition of promotion under the Code is broad and is designed to encompass any activity undertaken by a pharmaceutical company or with its authority that promotes the prescription, supply, sales or administration of its medicines. Within that definition, there are a number of exclusions from the scope of the Code such as trade practices and trade advertisements. The content of data sheets and SPCs is also excluded from the scope of the Code, as they are documents... 

Therapeutic Goods, in conjimction with the States. The Australian Recall Coordinator also liaises with the Commonwealth Minister responsible for Consumer Affairs in relation to safety-related recalls of therapeutic goods, which must be notified within 48 h, in accordance with the Trade Practices Act 1974. A mandatory recall of faulty goods may be enforced where safety is involved. 

As prescription medicines are prescribed by a medical practitioner rather than purchased off the shelf by the consumer, there is generally little incentive to convey origin information. Where manufacturers choose to do so, they must comply with State Fair Trading Acts, and the Commonwealth Trade Practices Act 1974. 

Prior to December 1994, an essential character test, was used to determine the validity of country of origin claims, in the context of Sections 52 and 53 (eb) of the Trade Practices Act 1974 in relation to false or misleading statements. However, in 1994 the Federal Court handed down a decision that effectively rejected the essential character test and created uncertainty about outcomes of future cases in this area. 

In 1998, the Trade Practices Amendment (Country of Origin Representations) Act 1998 came into force. Manufacturers making unqualified statements about country of origin, such as Made in. .. must be able to demonstrate substantial transformation and exceed a 50% production costs threshold. They, therefore, tend to use qualified claims, such as Made in Australia from local and imported ingredients, to ensure that labels are not misleading or deceptive. 

Measures or trade practices relating to prices, margins and discounts which were in regular use by a significant proportion of the pharmaceutical industry on 1 January 1993 are outside the scope of the Code (see Clause 1.2) and are excluded from the provisions of this clause. Other trade practices are subject to the Code. The terms prices, margins and discounts are primarily financial terms. 

The coating is applied by traditional trade practices, namely, using rubber squeegees and paint rollers. The applied coating is cured by a mobile curing unit, which consists of a cart housing power supply for the UV lamp (see Figure 111)T If the concrete is porous, a seal coat should be applied (aqueous UV curable polyurethane dispersion (PUD) is recommended). 

Investigate complaints or questionable trade practices, either informally or formally, where it has strong compulsory investigative authority, including the power to require a respondent to produce documents, give testimony, or answer written questions... 

The ACCC administers the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Act). The consumer protection provisions of the Act cover advertising and selling and aim at any commercial conduct that could be misleading, deceptive or untruthful. This includes statements made on labelling and packaging. It is the responsibility of companies to ensure that consumers form an accurate... 

Many coimtries use differing MRLs in the enforcement of pesticide residues in food, which further aggravates the problem of unfair trade practices. 

The Codex Alimentarius (CA latin for food law or food code ) Commission (GAG) is an intergovernmental subsidiary to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and World Health Organisation (WHO) of the United Nations (UN) with the aim to formulate and implement internationally accepted food safety standards for the protection of consumer health and to ensure fair trade practices in the food industry. The principal result has been the publication of food commodity standards, hygiene and technical... 

In addition, the Trade Practices Act contains provisions with regard to the advertising of medicinal products. This Act prohibits a company from engaging in misleading and deceptive conduct in the course of trade or commerce and has been widely used to challenge advertisements. 

The chief recourse for Australian companies that believe that their competitors are using advertising to gain an unfair competitive advantage is the Trade Practices Act. 

Textile definitions most generally accepted for reference in the United States are those standardized by the American Society for Testing Materials and published in ASTM Standards on Textile Materials (W, 25). The Federal Trade Commission has also established definitions for use in enforcing its Trade Practice Rulings 20). These may differ from the ASTM definitions—for example, the ASTM restricts its definition of wool to the fiber from the fleece of the sheep, whereas the Federal Trade Commission defines it as the fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat (and may include the so-called specialty fibers from the hair of the camel, alpaca, llama, and vicuna). ... 

A written procedure for product recall based upon the Australian Uniform Recall Procedure for Therapeutic Goods and the requirements of the Trade Practices Act should be developed. The procedure should specify the actions to be taken for all reasonable contingencies that may be anticipated. It should be capable of being put into operation at any time, inside or outside normal working hours and should include emergency and out of hours contacts and telephone numbers. 

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