Mode-Tracking

With the advent of radars capable of waveform agility, the design of optimal waveform libraries comes into question. The purpose of this section is to consider the design of such waveform libraries for radar tracking applications, from an information theoretic point of view. We note that waveform libraries will depend in general on the specific applications in which the systems are to be used. Airborne radars will require different libraries from ship-borne ones. Radars used in a tracking mode will require different optimal libraries than radars in a surveillance mode. 

Fig. 5.19. Tracking mode operation performance of the temperature controller...

The performance of the single-ended analog proportional temperature controller in the tracking mode is shown in Fig. 6.4. The measurement was done at room temperature, and the control voltage of microhotplate 1 was increased in steps of 100 mV. For example, a control voltage of 1.60 V produced a microhotplate temperature of approximately 355 °C. Microhotplate 2 was kept at a constant temperature of 200 °C and microhotplate 3 was kept at 350 °C. 

Fig. 6.4. Performance of the single-ended analog proportional temperatm-e controller in the tracking mode...

The performance of the temperature controller was measured in the tracking mode. Figure 6.18 shows a graph, where the temperature of one of the three microhotplates is kept at a constant temperature of 300 °C, the temperature of the second microhotplate is modulated using a sine wave of 10 mHz, while rectangular temperature steps of 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, and 350 °C have been appHed to the third microhotplate. Temperature measurements on one of the hotplate that has been operated at constant temperature in the stabihzation mode showed a variation of less than 1 °C, even though the temperature of the neighboring hotplates was, at the same time, modulated dynamically (sine wave, ramp, steps). This is a consequence of the individual hotplate temperature control, without which thermal crosstalk between the hotplates would have been clearly detectable. The power dissipation of the chip is approximately 190 mW, when all three hotplates are simultaneously heated to 350 °C. In the power-down mode, the power consumption is reduced to 8.5 mW. 

Each heliostat is designed to illuminate a specific area on the parabola and is equipped with a dual optical control system, which maintains the proper orientation for each hcliostat by means of a dual hydraulic system. This dual system permits each heliostat lo be operated in either a search or track mode. In both cases, the optical guidance system uses an optical tube, which contains four photodiodes that control the heliostat motion in east-west and up-down direction. 

Separate and quantify alditol acetates using a gas chromatograph (e.g., Model HP 6890, Hewlett Packard), fitted with a flame ionization detector and a dedicated cool on-column capillary inlet (set on oven track mode ) on a BPX-70, open tubular fused silica column (25 m long, 0.33 i.d. and 0.25-pm film thickness). 

Before the start of an AD conversion the S H-circuit is switched into hold mode which freezes the current level of the input signal. After AD conversion the S H is switched back into track mode. If the time needed for switching from track to hold (typically 100 nsec) is shorter than the conversion time of an ADC the maximal allowed signal frequency is accordingly increased. 

Using helium as the carrier gas, set the chromatograph gas flow at 2.0 psi constant flow. Use a 0.5-p.L injection volume. Set the injection temperature in track mode at 3° above oven temperature, and set the oven temperature to 40° for 6 min and raising it to 280° in 15°-per-minute increments over 5 min. Set the detector temperature at 380°. 

Set the oven temperature to ramp 140° to 350° at a rate of 10°/min (total run time of 21.0 min). Set the track mode to on (injector temperature follows the oven temperature conditions). Set the injection mode to on-column injection. Set the FID at 375°. Set the hydrogen carrier gas constant flow mode to on with a pressure of 5.5 psi (140°). 

The positioning scan is designed to accurately position every spot on a measuring track. The parameters for measuring, like track length, track distance, number of tracks and spots per track, mode of evaluation as well as step sizes for the search of spots and positioning, spot width and data per spot for the integration are entered into the computer. If a method is elaborated, these parameters can be stored and need not be repeatedly entered for each scan. 

Three inputs and one output are used on the pneumatic regulator. A manu output adjustment knob and a tracking mode complete the integration of the motorized regulator into the instrument. 

Trajectory analysis visualizes the track of cell migration (arrow lines in Fig. 2 a-d). We set the tracking mode to semi-interactive, so when the computer loses the track of a cell, it asks for user input to identify the object it is trying to track. Quantitative raw data are generated automatically and can be saved as a. csv file which can be opened with Microsoft Excel. We have formu-lized templates in Excel to convert the tracking parameters into directedness and migration rate as illustrated in Fig. 5. 

Dimensionality Tracking Mode Controlled System Dynamics Sensor-Display Compatibility Response Samphng Rates Divided-Attention Tasks Other Measures Standard Assessment Procedures Test and Experimental Protocols... 

The performance (see Table 1) was measured with the program version without screen display using 4 patches. 652 object points were matched. The patch was size 7x7 pixels. The radiometric equalisation by mean and variance was applied before each iteration and the gradients were derived from the average of template and patch. The computations were performed in the tracking mode, therefore the average number of iterations was only 4.3 iterations per point. 

Benammar and Maskell have recently proposed a more sophisticated sensor to limit the parasitic phenomena. Their device is similar to the coulometric one, but it works in a pump-gauge tracking mode. As in the case of the amperometric sensor proposed by Maskell et an alternating current I = Fsin cot is applied to the pumping part, with a low... 

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