TPS gene expression

Higgins MA, Berridge BR, Mills BJ, Schultze AE, Gao H, Searfoss GH, Baker TK, Ryan TP. Gene expression analysis of the acute phase response using a canine microarray. Toxicol Sci 2003 74(2) 470-84. 

Dudoit S, Fridlyand J, Speed TP. Comparison of discrimination methods for classification of tumors using gene expression data. J Am Stat Assoc 2002 97 77-87. 

Burris TP, Pelton PD, Zhou L, et al. A novel method for analysis of nuclear receptor function at natural promoters peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y agonist actions on a P2 gene expression detected using branched DNA messenger RNA quantitation. Mol Endocrinol 1999 13 410—417. 

Dalton TP, Shertzer HG, Puga A. 1999. Regulation of gene expression by reactive oxygen. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 39 67-101. 

Lukiw WJ, Percy ME, Kruck TP (2005) Nanomolar aluminum induces pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic gene expression in human brain cells in primary crdtute. J Inoig Biochem 99 ... 

TP receptor gene expression was stimulated by phorbol ester in human megadcaryoblastic leukemia (CHRF-288) cells (6S) and human ISL cells (66), but neither gluco-corticoids... 

Zhao CQ, Young MR, Diwan BA, Coogan TP, Waalkes MP (1997) Association of arsenic-induced malignant transformation with DNA hypomethylation and aberrant gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(20)40907-10912... 

This correlative analysis of terpenoid accumulation, TPS enzyme activities, and functional characterization of a family of cloned TPS genes in Norway spruce and Sitka spruce in response to MeJA treatment and insect attack will guide future studies regarding differential expression of TPS genes in conifer defense, including in situ localization of gene expression and TPS enzymes. 

Our recent research suggests organ-, tissue-, and cell-specific localization of constitutive and induced terpenoid defense pathways in conifers. For example, linalool synthase (PaTPS-Lin) seems to be preferentially expressed in needles of Norway spruce and Sitka spruce with little or no expression in sterns. ft is also likely that expression of PaTPS-Lin in spruce needles is not associated with resin ducts but could reside in other cells involved with induced terpenoid emission. In contrast, we can speculate that most other mono-TPS and di-TPS are associated with epithelial cells of constitutive and induced resin ducts. The possible localization of conifer sesqui-TPS is difficult to predict. Furthermore, the exact spatial and temporal patterns of terpenoid pathway gene expression associated with traumatic resin duct development in the cambium zone and outer xylem remain to be studied at the tissue and cell level. In situ hybridization and immuno-localization of TPS will address these open questions. These methods have worked well in identifying cell type specific gene and protein expression of alkaloid formation in opium poppy Papaver somniferum) As the biochemistry of induced terpene defenses and the development of traumatic resin ducts have been well described in spruce, this system is ideal for future studies of tissue- and cell-specific localization of transcripts and proteins associated with oleoresin defense and induced volatile emissions in conifers. In addition, the advent of laser dissection microscopy techniques presents a fascinating means by which to further address RNA and protein analysis in a tissue-and cell-specific manner. These techniques, when applied to the cambium zone, xylem mother cells, and the epithelial cells that surround traumatic resin ducts, and will allow a temporal and spatial analysis of cellular functions occurring in the traumatic resin response. 

We conducted a detailed analysis of the expression of all Arabidopsis TPS genes in the main organs of the plant (flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and siliques) using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR approach. Our results indicated that most of the AtTPS genes are expressed in one or more organs under normal growth conditions. In particular, several AtTPS genes are expressed in flowers, some exclusively so (Fig. 1.2). 

Coogan TP, Bare RM, Waalkes MP (1992) Cadmium-induced DNA damage effects of zinc pretreatment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 113 227-233 Coogan TP, Bare RM, Bjornson EJ, Waalkes MP (1994) Enhanced metallothionein gene expression protects against cadmium genotoxicity in cultured rat liver cells. J Toxicol Environ Health (in press)... 

Wang XC, O Hanlon TP, Lau JTY. Regulation of P-galactoside a2,6-sialyltransferase gene expression by dexamethasone. 7. Biol. Chem. 1989 264 1854-1859. 

Schaub TP, Kartenbeck J, Konig J, Spring H, Dorsam J, Staehler G et al. Expression of the MRP2 gene-encoded conjugate export pump in human kidney proximal tubules and in renal cell carcinoma. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999 10(6) 1159—1169. 

Dudoit S, Yang YH, Callow MJ, Speed TP. 2002. Statistical methods for identifying differentially expressed genes in replicate cDNA microarray experiments. Statistica Sinica 12 111. 

Expression of selected elements of the 5-FU metabolic pathway is predictive of response to 5-FU based chemotherapy regimens. High levels of TS, TP, and DPD are independent predictors of decreased response vice versa, lower levels of TS, TP, and DPD correlate with higher sensitivity to 5-FU. High expression levels of one of these genes, even in the presence of down-regulation of the other two, has an adverse effect on response to 5-FU. 

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