Pro-apoptotic genes

Lukiw WJ, Percy ME, Kruck TP (2005) Nanomolar aluminum induces pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic gene expression in human brain cells in primary crdtute. J Inoig Biochem 99 ... 

JNKs induce apoptosis through transcription dependent mechanisms that involve c-jun activation and the induction of pro-apoptotic genes. JNKs phosphorylate Bcl-2 and inactivate it, while activate the pro-apoptotic Bad, Bim and Bmf. JNKs can directly activate Bid independently of the caspase-8. Furthermore, JNKs have a direct action on mitochondria and induce cytochrome c release.143 Figure 19. 

Fig. 41.2 (continued) several pro-apoptotic genes, including members of the Bcl-2 family. Berberine promotes the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol and the formation of the apoptosome, inducing the activation of caspase-9 and, subsequently, of the effector caspase-3 and caspase-7. However, it is not clear the molecular mechanism that links nuclear damage with activation of the mitochondrial pathway... 

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