TPS gene

Martin DM, Ealdt J, Bohlmann J. Eunctional characterization of nine Norway spruce TPS genes and evolution of gym-nosperm terpene synthases of the TPS-d subfamily. Plant Physiol. 2004 135 1908-1927. 

PLC-p. The cause of this defect was not deteimined, but a mutation in the TP gene was excluded. A defect in PLC-P or in Ga was postulated (72). Since the patient s platelets also demonstrated inq>aiied aggregation m response to ADP it is possible that she d mild PLC-P deficiency, a defect found to be a cause of impaired platelet aggregation and secretion stimulated by multiple agonists (73). However, this is less likely since a normal response to thrombin was observed. 

Higgins MA, Berridge BR, Mills BJ, Schultze AE, Gao H, Searfoss GH, Baker TK, Ryan TP. Gene expression analysis of the acute phase response using a canine microarray. Toxicol Sci 2003 74(2) 470-84. 

BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS OF NORWAY SPRUCE TPS GENES AND THEIR ROLES IN CONSTITUTIVE AND INDUCED TERPENOID DEFENSES... 

Recent studies have described the complex, constitutive, and MeJA- and insect-induced terpenoid defenses in Norway spruce and Sitka spruce at anatomical, chemical, and biochemical levels. " Miller et al. compared the effect of MeJA treatment and white pine weevil attack on induced terpenoid defenses in Sitka spruce. They found that MeJA and real insects induce very similar terpenoid responses at the biochemical and molecular levels. The cloning and functional characterization of a family of ten, functionally diverse Norway spruce TPS genes not only allowed an improved phylogeny of the conifer TPS-d gene family but also allowed a detailed molecular and biochemical characterization of induced changes in terpenoid metabolite profiles in spruce defense. Many of the products of the recently identified Norway spruce TPS genes correspond with components of terpenoid metabolite profiles after MeJA treatment or insect attack in species of spruce. Our work on Norway spruce terpenoid responses to MeJA treatment " is discussed here with an emphasis on those compounds that are products of the newly characterized spruce TPS genes. ... 

This correlative analysis of terpenoid accumulation, TPS enzyme activities, and functional characterization of a family of cloned TPS genes in Norway spruce and Sitka spruce in response to MeJA treatment and insect attack will guide future studies regarding differential expression of TPS genes in conifer defense, including in situ localization of gene expression and TPS enzymes. 

MARTIN, D. M., FALDT, J., BOHLMANN, J., Functional characterization of nine norway spruce tps genes and evolution of gymnosperm terpene synthases of the TPS-d Subfamily, Plant Physiol, 2004,135, 1908-1927. 

We conducted a detailed analysis of the expression of all Arabidopsis TPS genes in the main organs of the plant (flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and siliques) using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR approach. Our results indicated that most of the AtTPS genes are expressed in one or more organs under normal growth conditions. In particular, several AtTPS genes are expressed in flowers, some exclusively so (Fig. 1.2). 

The immense diversity of terpene metabolites known today is especially due to the large terpene synthase (TPS) gene family evolution and the versatility of the enzymes encoded by it. Most gymnosperm terpene synthases form a different family from those in angiosperms. However, phylogenetic analyses support the fact that all plant TPS have evolved from an ancestral diterpene synthase implicated with primary metabolism [4]. 

To date, the TPS gene family consists of more than 100 members (with about a third isolated from flowers and fruits) which have been... 

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