Toyo Engineering

At this time over 95% of all new urea plants are Hcensed by Snamprogetti, Stamicarbon, or Toyo Engineering. SNAM utilizes thermal stripping while STAC (Stamicarbon) and Toyo use CO2 stripping. Only these three processes are, therefore, covered in detail. Process flow sheets are included for others at the end of this section. 

Toyo Engineering-AGES Process. The synthesis section of the ACES process (Fig. 8) consists of a reactor, a stripper, two carbamate condensers, a scmbber and operates at 17.5 MPa (175 bars). The reactor is operated at 190°C with a NH /CO2 ratio of 4.0 (mol/mol). Liquid NH is fed directly into the reactor by a centrifugal ammonia pump. Gaseous CO2 is sent from the centrifugal CO2 compressor to the bottom section of the falling-film type stripper. 

HSC [High-conversion Soaker Cracking] A visbreaking process, developed and offered by Toyo Engineering Corporation, Japan. Demonstrated from 1988 to 1989 in the Schwedt... 

LO-FIN [Last out-first in] A version of the PSA process for separating hydrogen from other gases. It includes a unique gas-retaining vessel which preserves the concentration gradient in one stream before using it to repressurize another bed. Developed jointly by Toyo Engineering Corporation and Essex Corporation. 

The synthesis section of the Toyo Engineering-ACES (Advanced Process for Cost and Energy Saving) process is shown in Figure 11.4. In this process the synthesis section operates at 175 bar with an NH3-to-C02 molar ratio of 4.0 and a temperature of 185 to 190°C. Liquid ammonia is fed directly into the reactor while gaseous CO2 is sent from the centrifugal CO2 compressor at the bottom of the stripper108,110 ... 

In 1993 Energy Research Company (ERC) of Danbury and Torrington, CT, made a test of a 120 kW MCFC for 250 h [333], This is a prototype stack for a 2 MW, natural-gas-fueled power plant [358], ERC has announced that after these initial demonstrations it expects its MCFC power plant of about 100 MW to be commercialized at the beginning of the next century. In Japan, Tonen Corp., Sanyo Electric Corp. and Toyo Engineering Corp. are conducting tests on 10 kW external-reforming-type MCFC stacks [338], Likewise, in 1993, Hitachi Ltd. [359] has... 

One such catalytic system has been pilot planted by Toyo Engineering Company (7 ). It utilizes a combination catalyst and specially designed feedstock vaporization system to process hydrocarbons as heavy as crude oil to obtain reasonable conversions to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Another process announced by Grand Paroise uses a fluidized bed of catalyst for the reforming step (8). Heat required is introduced into the fluidized catalyst by burning fuel inside of tubes immersed in the bed. Both of these systems have been extensively tested in large pilot installations and could be included in commerical installations in the near future if justified by economic considerations. 

Application To produce dimethyl ether (DME) from methanol using Toyo Engineering Corp. s (TEC s) DME synthesis technology based on methanol dehydration process. Feedstock can be crude methanol as well as refined methanol. 

Licensor Toyo Engineering Corp. (TEC)/Johnson Matthey PLC. 

Application To produce a wide range of general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) with excellent high clarity and suitable properties to process PS foam via direct injection extrusion by the continuous bulk polymerization process using Toyo Engineering Corp. (TEC)/Mitsui Chemicals Inc. technology. 

Toyo Engineering Corp. (TEC) has a spout-fluid bed granulation technology to produce granular urea—typically 2-4 mm size. Due to proprietary granulator, electric power consumption is the lowest among granulation processes. 

Application To oxidize sodium sulfide (Na2S) component in the caustic scrubber effluent of olefin plants with air using wet air oxidation (WAO) process developed by Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. (NPCC), the license being available from Toyo Engineering Corp. (TEC). 

ACES 21 [Advanced process for Cost and Energy Saving] A process for making urea from carbon dioxide and ammonia, developed by Toyo Engineering Corporation. Toyo has been developing and licensing urea processes since 1961. Earlier versions of its urea process were named TR-C1, TR-D, and ACES, and were installed in Spain and several Asian countries. The latest version, ACES 21, has been built in China and Indonesia. 

WAO [Wet Air Oxidation] A generic name for processes for destroying aqueous hazardous wastes by heating in air or oxygen. One example is its use for oxidizing sodium sulfide in alkaline scrubber effluents from olefin plants, developed by Nippon Petrochemicals and offered by Toyo Engineering. 

Toyo Engineering Corporation(TEQ I85 C, 175,10 Pa absolute, N/C ratio s4, with decomposition of the carbamate by CO2 stripimg at high pressure and then reduced pressure (2 and 0.3.10 Pa absolute), and ptiliing.. -... 

Toyo Engineering Corporation, Research Engineering, Biotechnology, 1818 Fujimi, Togo, Mobara-shi, Chiba 297, Japan... 

A very interesting variation of the above-described process is patented by Toyo Engineering Corporation of Japan.12,13 The process is used for the recovery of H2 from a ROG. It consists of nine sequential steps ... 

Toyo Engineering Corporation, 420 TPC. See power plants, total plant capital cost... 

A number of processes have been developed to convert coal- or natural gas-based syngas into DME. The prominent ones include those by Haldor Topsoe, NKK Corporation, Air Products, Toyo Engineering Company, and the University of Akron, Electric Power Research Institute. A brief description of these processes is given below. 

Toyo Engineering Corporation has developed a jumbo DME plant from natural gas using existing proven technologiesToyo Engineering Corporation has developed a number of large-scale methanol synthesis plants in the world. Chemical reactions involved in DME synthesis by TEC s process, as claimed, are shown below ... 

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