Toxicology and Occupational Health

Silicon carbide is nontoxic, and is therefore a nonhazardous material as defined by GefStoffV [252]. 

For fiber-free finely divided SiC, the MAK value is 4mgm [253]. If the MAK ( Maximalzulassige- rbeitsplatz-Xonzentration ) is exceeded a dust ma.sk with a PI filter (for inert dusts) must be worn. Recent investigations, however, have shown that these SiC dusts are not fibrogenic [254], so that the need for a MAK value is questionable. 

SiC whiskers have no known routes of entry into the body except as airborne particles. 

Conclusive experimental studies on the effects of respirable fibrous SiC dusts (whiskers) are not yet available [255]. In the United States ASTM has published recommendations for safe handling procedures related to all ceramic fibers, including silicon carbide whiskers [256]. 

Zinc is not considered to be toxic or dangerous. It is an essential element for humans, animals and plants [2.85]. The human body contains ca. 2 g of zinc and a daily intake of 15 mg for humans is recommended. The oral LD50 value for rats is 15,000 mg ZnO kg- (OECD 401). 

Exposure to zinc oxide will mainly take place in the workplace by means of the inhalation and dermal exposure route. Exposure due to handling of solid zinc oxide 

If large quantities of ZnO are accidentally ingested or inhaled, fever, nausea, and irritation of the respiratory tract ensue after several hours. These symptoms rapidly disappear without long-term consequences. 

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The word portal is often used for web sites that function as an entiy to a repo-sitoiy of information on almost any topic on the Internet. The following portal categories for chemical issues arc distinguished general chemistry sites substance information sites analytical chemistiy sites enviromnental chemistry sites toxicology and occupational health sites as well as patent seiwices [47],... 

Kimber, I. and Wilks, M.F., Chemical respiratory allergy. Toxicological and occupational health issues. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 14, 735, 1995. 

Toxicology and Occupational Health Aspects of Hydrogen Peroxide... 

LC-MS plays an important role in the analysis of pesticides and related componnds, e.g., herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, as well as their degradation prodncts and metabolites. The analysis of pesticides is relevant for environmental studies, food safety, toxicology, and occupational health. Pesticides have to be analysed in environmental samples, such as different water compartments, soil, sediments, sludge, and animal tissue like fish, in food, especially fruit and vegetables, and in (human) body fluids and tissues. Many modem pesticides and related compounds are not amenable to GC-MS analysis, or only after derivatization. Therefore, LC-MS has been evaluated as an alternative. Various review papers on the analysis of pesticides and related compounds in various sample matrices were published [1-8]. 

Similarly, considering that cresols and most of their derivatives have toxicological and occupational health problems, necessary data should be made available in a cresols complex. This will help in minimizing hazards related to safety, health, and environment (SHE). In sum, a clean and appropriate technology will be absolutely necessary for industrial chemical cresols and their derivatives. 

As its title implies, this is a general reference covering the basics of environmental chemistry. Contents indude general chemistry (matter, atoms, elements), chemical reactions and equations, water pollution and treatment, geochemistry, agricultural chemistry, treatment and disposal of hazardous substances, toxicology and occupational health, and nuclear chemistry. 

Toxicology and Occupational Health. Most of the toxicologial and occupational problems in handling alkylated MF, UF, and BF resins are caused by formaldehyde release during application and cure [2.164]. Additionally, some release of formaldehyde can take place from cured objects. 

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