Toxic materials management

A CFR Part 650 Hazardous and toxic materials management (bibliography and tables). 

A California statue requiring ha2ardous materials management was passed in 1985 (24), but guidance for compliance for industries covered by the act was not issued until 1988 (25). A revised standard, which became effective in January of 1994 (26), appHes to faciUties handling any of 128 toxic materials flammable Hquids and gases in quantities of 10,000 lb (4.54 t) or more, except where used as fuel or in atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature tanks and explosives. 

Change of intent. If there is a change in the work to be done, the permit should be returned and a new one issued [Growl and Grossel (eds.). Handbook of Toxic Materials Handling and Management, Chap. 12, Marcel Dekker, 1995]. 

The atmospheric movement of pollutants from sources to receptors is only one form of translocation. A second one involves our attempt to control air pollutants at the source. The control of parhculate matter by wet or dry scrubbing techniques 3delds large quantities of waste materials—often toxic—which are subsequently taken to landfills. If these wastes are not properly stored, they can be released to soil or water systems. The prime examples involve the disposal of toxic materials in dump sites or landfills. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 and subsequent revisions are examples of legislation to ensure proper management of solid waste disposal and to minimize damage to areas near landfills (4). 

The Chemical Process Industry (CPI) uses various quantitative and qualitative techniques to assess the reliability and risk of process equipment, process systems, and chemical manufacturing operations. These techniques identify the interactions of equipment, systems, and persons that have potentially undesirable consequences. In the case of reliability analyses, the undesirable consequences (e.g., plant shutdown, excessive downtime, or production of off-specification product) are those incidents which reduce system profitability through loss of production and increased maintenance costs. In the case of risk analyses, the primary concerns are human injuries, environmental impacts, and system damage caused by occurrence of fires, explosions, toxic material releases, and related hazards. Quantification of risk in terms of the severity of the consequences and the likelihood of occurrence provides the manager of the system with an important decisionmaking tool. By using the results of a quantitative risk analysis, we are better able to answer such questions as, Which of several candidate systems poses the least risk Are risk reduction modifications necessary and What modifications would be most effective in reducing risk ... 

S. S. Grossel and D. A. Crowl, eds. Handbook of Highly Toxic Materials Handling and Management (New York Marcel Dekker, 1995), p. 264. 

Where complete containment is impractical, exhaust ventilation (preferably to a scrubber) can limit or eliminate exposure to toxic materials. The exhaust ventilation rate (velocity or volumetric rate) may be calculable for volatile liquids from spill size and vapor pressure (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Management Program Guidance for Offsite Consequence Analysis, Appendix D, Equation D-l, 1999), but tests to determine concentrations in air usually would be needed for dusty processes and fugitive releases of gases. 

Health, is course, is more than just the absence of sickness, and there are many aspects of health in the workplace—social, psychological, and physiological—that we are not concerned with here. What we are concerned with are the problems that derive from exposure, potential and actual, to toxic materials placed wittingly or unwittingly in the working environment. But let s go back a little to see how management of health in the workplace began. 

To achieve this goal, top management must delegate authority, as necessary, to all management and supervisory levels. Supervisors in turn, as advised by the health officer, must accept and interpret the policy and actively support it. A supervisor, for example, must ensure that each of his or her employees understands the properties and hazards of any material that is handled, stored, or used by them, and takes all necessary precautions and follows established work procedures. An employee must make an effort to be aware of the hazards associated with toxic materials and follow the procedures laid down for their handling. 

Mimns, W.R, Berry, W.J. and Dewitt, T.H. (2002). Toxicity testing, risk assessment, and options for dredged material management. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 44, Issue 4, 294-302. 

In the context of dredged-material management, the seven toxicity classes established by pT-values are assigned to management categories labeled as unpolluted , "unproblematic", "problematic" and "hazardous" (Tab. 2). These categories then define cases by which dredged material can (or cannot) be relocated, as recalled below ... 

Marcel Decker, Inc., New York, granted their kind permission to use major selections from Chapter 12 of the Handbook of High Toxic Materials Handling and Management (1995), entitled Mechanical Integrity by Roy E. Sanders. [2]... 

Grossel, Stanley and Daniel A. Crowl, eds., Handbook of Highly Toxic Materials Handling and Management, ISBN 0-8247-8923-7, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995. The major objective of this book is to provide necessary technical information to individuals who handle and process highly toxic materials, so they will do it safely, without impact on people and the environment. Twelve different specialists contributed to the 12 chapters. 

The presence of substantial quantities of explosive or toxic materials on-site may justify establishing yet a third location off-site, in case of a complete evacuation of the facility. This could be a fixed location in the nearby community, or a mobile unit such as a truck or van properly equipped for managing an emergency. Some of the supplies and equipment for the alternate off-site main control center may have to be packed in a readily transported kit rather than being on standby at the alternate off-site location. 

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